PE 1144 



1830 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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THE 



AS? a3LTO25jL1 mELM£&&§mz 



DESIGNED FOR 



FAMILIES AND SCHOOLS 



©mtetr States of America, 



AND FOR 



FOREIGNERS LEARNING ENGLISH. 



BY WILLIAM S. CARDELL* 



To exalt a free people, teach their Children. 



REVISED BY M. T. LEAVElfwORTH, ESQ. 



■■"M > 9 ® 



JfttlaTielpita: 
URIAH HUNT, No. 147 MARKET STREET. 

STEREOTYPED BY L. JOHNSON. 

1830. H 






< 1 'XO 



Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to wit: 

BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the fifteenth day of March, in the fifty- 
fourth year of the Independence of the United States of America, A. D. 1830, 
URIAH HUNT, of the said District, has deposited in this office the title of a 
book, the right whereof he claims as proprietor, in the words following, to wit: 

"The Analytical Spelling-book; designed for Families and Schools in the 
United States of America, and for Foreigners learning English, by William 
S. Cardell. 

To exalt a free people, teach their Children. 
Revised by M. T. Leavenworth, Esq. 

In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, " An 
Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, 
and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein 
mentioned ;" and also to an Act, entitled, " An Act supplementary to an Act, 
entitled, 'An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies 
of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during 
the times therein mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of 
designing, engraving, and etching, historical and other prints." 

D. CALDWELL, 
Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 



£ 9 

O 7 



There is some degree of assuming confidence necessarily implied in 
offering a new work to the public. This is especially the case, if it 
treats of a subject which has previously employed many other pens. 
The author can, therefore, hardly expect the community to excuse him 
for addino- this little volume to the multitude now in use, unless it shall 
exhibit some improvement. If it should facilitate the present course of 
elementary instruction, it will need no apology. After the laudable 
efforts of others, there appeared sufficient room for melioration to war- 
rant the present attempt. 

The author would, of course, appear with a bad grace, in extolling 
his own labors, or decrying those of others. He has, on this delicate 
point, but one plain statement to make. His work is not a copy, nor 
collection of extracts, from former publications. Whatever this volume 
may be in other respects, it was the intention to make it, in plan and 
execution, original in all its parts ; employing only the crude materials 
essential to such a structure. Literary pilfering is as base in its nature, 
and as pernicious in its consequences, as any other species of felony, and 
ought to be treated with equal reprehension. 

This little work is an essay, the result of many years' study, reflec- 
tion, and practical experience in various branches of instruction. If it 
should be well received, it will be rigidly revised in a second edition, 
amended by every useful hint suggested, and will be followed by another 
volume, giving a more enlarged and scientific view of the nature, modi- 
fications, and analogies of our language. 

The attention of a nation has never been called to a subject of higher 
importance than that of education, as a great public interest in the Uni- 
ted States. The readiest means to elevate our national character, is to 
improve the schools, and raise the estimation in which teachers are held, 
as a most valuable class of citizens. A general and enlightened course 
of instruction, in this new country, would run, through a million chan- 
nels, into national wealth and strength, felicity and honor. Intellectual 
and moral improvement would lead to the developement of our physical 
resources : it would give consistency, efficiency, and permanence to our 
institutions, with union at home, and commanding respect abroad. 

Every distinguished American is bound to lend his aid, to a reasonable 
extent, in favor of sound learning ; and, as to the nature of this obliga- 
tion, it matters not whether the individual holds power and influence 
by the suffrage of his fellow-men, or by the immediate gift of Al- 
mighty God, m the superior endowments he may possess. 



3 



INTRODUCTION. 



A Spelling-Book is not the place for an elaborate dissertation 
on the philosophy of language \ but for the practical exhibition of 
what the best usage has established. Some explanations, necessary 
for understanding the plan of the present work, are reserved for 
a second volume. A few general ideas respecting it, will not be 
improper in this place. 

The first books used for children, have an important influence on 
the attainments and habits of future years. If they cOuld be made 
what they ought to be, they would combine an intimate knowledge 
of the operations of the mind ; the most exalted precepts in religion 
and morals; extensive attainments in literature and science : expe- 
rience in the active and varied scenes of life ; familiar acquaintance 
with the relations, associations, and trials, which most deeply in- 
terest the heart ; and present the choicest lessons, drawn from these 
varied sources, in the style of the child's own artless playfulness. 
Yet all that human talent can ever attain in this career, is but an 
approximation to what an ardent and expanded mind would desire. 
The books of elementary instruction must lay the foundation on 
which the whole superstructure of individual and national great- 
ness must be erected. Language is the great instrument of all 
science and all kinds of business ; of private and public inter- 
course, in jill their forms: and correct spelling and pronunciation 
are the basis of language. These, in particular, should become, not 
merely a branch of learning, but an inwrought habit, in early life. 
If these preparatory attainments are not acquired in school, the de- 
fect is seldom remedied elsewhere: and I have known very few 
graceful speakers, who did not become measurably so from the 
Spelling-Book. 

In acquiring a good pronunciation, and impressing it on the 
memory with the force of habit, much more depends on a judicious 
classification, according to the most striking coincidences, than on 
any possible mode of marking single words. This method is, at the 
same time, the most effectual barrier against the encroachments 
of ignorance, pedantry, and affectation, in changing the language; 
for it is exceedingly difficult to corrupt words by whole classes. 
Under a judicious system, it depends chiefly on memory and do- 
cility, to acquire the habit of articulating with correctness and ease ; 



INTRODUCTION. 



and these are the particular faculties of the child. Our progress in 
language, as well as in almost every thing else, greatly depends on 
beginning well. 

Thjre is a mechanical facility in the organs of speech, which is 
to be acquired only by practice. This practical readiness is more 
rapid than logical inferences or rules of grammar, though it should 
be conformable to both. This is best attained in early life.; because 
then the organs are mosf flexible, and the mind most free from dis- 
tracting pursuits. In acquiring a new language, the man of exten- 
sive attainments has a great advantage, in comprehending and ap- 
plying general principles, from the analogy of things known before ; 
but he has to contend with fixed habits, difficult to change. The 
child is compensated for his want of .knowledge by his greater plia- 
bility. There are many reasons calculated to give the Spelling- 
Book a more extensive sway than the Dictionary, over the language 
of a country. It is first in order, and pre-occupies the mind. In 
the Dictionary, the alphabetical arrangement ncessarily presents 
the words, one by one, without exhibiting the analogies from which 
the principles are deduced, and which might satisfy the understand- 
ing, and fasten on the memory by association. The marked accent 
of each word is presented, as the arbitrary decision of the author, 
on that single word. The Spelling- Book, on the contrary, ought 
to analyze the language on scientific principles, according to the 
distinctive characters of its several parts. The impossibility of 
laying down the English language correctly, by wading through it, 
word by word, without any system of classification, is seen by in- 
specting the best Dictionaries. We find in Johnson, to inwreathe, 
to unwreath; inferiotzr, superior; anterfowr, posterior; exterior, in- 
teriowr; intercessour, predecessor ; thraZZ, bethraZ ; mthraZZ, disen- 
thraZ; staZZ, forcstaZ; instaZZ, re-insta^; faZZ, overfaZZ, befa/Z, downfaZ; 
miscaZ, recaZ/; ambassadour, embassador; to clothe, to uncloath; and 
a hundred other instances of direct contradiction, which we can ac- 
count for in no other way than by supposing that even Dr. Johnson, 
in writing the latter, forgot how he had spelled the former or cor- 
relative words. 

This volume is divided into Chapters, for the more distinct un- 
derstanding of its several parts. 

The first Chapter contains a bare sketch of the elementary prin- 
ciples of the language. Its contents are, the Key to the Vowel 
Sounds ki pages 11 and 12, and the Alphabets, Roman, Italic, and 
Old English, these are all that this chapter contains. It seemed to 
the author, a useless practice, to give a long illustration of the 
powers of consonants at the beginning of a Spelling-Book, as they 
are wholly useless to children, until they have acquired a know- 
ledge of the whole Spelling-Book. And after this, they might better 
learn them from a well-digested school dictionary. 

Those tables of words which form the foundation and general 
body of the language, are comprehended in the second Ckapter. 



A% 



VI INTRODUCTION. 



By pursuing this course, the child becomes familiar with general 
principles, before his mind is perplexed by anomalies, exceptions, 
and absurd contradictions. His course is regularly progressive, 
and he has nothing to unlearn. If, for instance, the scholar should 
find the words blood and flood in his first lessons, and he is taught, 
as a matter of course, to give double o the sound of short u, his 
irresistible inference is, that this is their true and proper sound. 
He naturally applies this sound to these let f ers wherever he finds 
them. Suppose, again, he should find the words door and floor. 
These last words, like those instanced before, are the only primi- 
tives in the language which have a like character. When the child 
has learned these irregular pronunciations, he is worse off than 
before ; because they give him a false idea of the principles which 
are to guide his future progress. The time occupied in learning 
these irregularities, with the child's first lessons, is the least part of 
the mischief. His labor is doubled in learning and unlearning; his 
mind is misled; his ardor is checked-, because he finds himself em- 
barrassed with inconsistencies, which, with his best exertions, he 
cannot reconcile. An absurd custom has long prevailed, of dividing 
easy from hard words, by counting the letters they respectively 
contain. This practice has been as troublesome in its effect, as it is 
unphilosophic and untrue in its nature. The word strove is easier 
than the word do ; because in the first all the letters have their 
usual and proper sound : the latter is an irregular and accidental 
sound of single o, found in less than a dozen words in the whole 
English vocabulary. Load is called a regular or plain word : it is 
the prevailing sound of oa. Broad is irregular; because it is an 
accidental sound of oa, found in only three primitive English words. 
It is the intention to include in the Chapter of Plain Words, such 
only as have their component parts made up of the fundamental 
principles, and to refer all others to the Chapter of Irregulars. 

The plan of dividing the irregular words, as exhibited in the 
third Chapter, will probably need little explanation. 

This volume will be found to contain about ten thousand dif- 
ferent words; such as form the substantial body of the English lan- 
guage, as now actually used by the best writers. 

In the three Tables of Distinctive Definitions, it is intended to 
lay the foundation for a just discrimination of those numerous 
words, so puzzling to natives and foreigners, by their similarity, 
some of which are not yet well settled, and in the use of which, the 
best scholars are liable to mistake. 

The author has long reflected on the importance of a scientific, 
classification of words, according to their analogies, in elementary 
books of instruction. The necessity of such a system, has been 
more strongly impressed on his mind by the inquiries and remarks 
of learned foreigners, and by seeing what has been done by the 
French, Spaniards, and Italians, to give at least a great compara- 
tive regularity to their languages. When the stranger of extensive 



INTRODUCTION. VII 



attainments wishes to be instructed in English, it is not enough to 
tell him how a single word is pronounced. He constantly inquires 
what other words come under the same rule; how are they distin- 
guished ; and on what principle does their pronunciation depend. 
The child has need of the same instruction, but cannot express it ; 
for he has not discretion to direct his inquiries, nor experience to 
know his wants. 

The analysis of a language, on philosophic principles, is the same 
thing, in substance, which Lord Bacon pointed out, as being so impor- 
tant in the acquisition and extension of all human knowledge. It 
is analogous to that adopted by Linneus in his System of Nature. 
A similar system of elementary classification, by Lavoisier and 
others, rescued chymistry from the jargon of the alchy mists, and 
laid the basis for the subsequent rapid improvements in that valu- 
able science. Such a system is applicable to language, and calcu- 
lated greatly to facilitate its attainment. It is founded in the logic 
of nature, which lies concealed in the mind of the child, though he 
is unconscious of it. Such a classification, alone, can illustrate the 
general rules of the language, the exceptions under those rules, and 
their relations to each other. It is presented at once to the eye; 
comes within the reach of the child, and, with him, may become a 
settled habit, before he is capable of reasoning on so complex a 
subject. It is a guard against needless innovation, while it tends 
to guide, not produce, a gradual change towards greater regularity, 
according to the best rules of scholarship and taste. In speaking 
thus, the author of this humble work would not willingly be thought 
the advocate of a wild and impracticable theory ; and he hopes not 
to be misunderstood. He is strongly opposed to innovating upon 
principles which time has sanctioned and habit confirmed. It is 
his design, consulting the best examples, in writing and speaking, 
to represent the English language such as it is. A slight attention 
to the subject, however, will show, that, both in England and 
America, there is a wide difference in practice, among the best 
scholars ; not confined to a few words, but extending to thousands. 
Johnson and Walker, chiefly, have been taken as the guides in the 
present work. Sheridan, Nares, Ash, Kenrick, Scott, Entick, 
Ainsworth, Elphinston, and others, have been consulted. The 
latest publications of learned English societies and individuals have 
been carefully examined ; and, in conversation with well educated 
persons of both countries, the author has sought to make himself 
acquainted with the best practice. He would not presume to change 
what is already settled ; but, where the best English scholars are 
inconsistent with thfigtselves, or stand in opposition to each other, 
he has taken the liberty to choose between them. This has not 
been heedlessly done. He has been at great pains to examine prin- 
ciples, compare authorities, and to trace the etymology and pro- 
gress of the word to its present form. The explanation of many 
seeming absurdities is found by investigating the history of the Ian- 



Till INTRODUCTION. 



guage. We, at first, wonder at the anomalous pronunciation of 
the word women : but when we find that in the later Saxon, and in 
English, to a period comparatively recent, it was spelled wymman 
or wimman in the singular, and wimmen in the plural, the pronun- 
ciation is accounted for, and the objection arises against such a 
needless change in the written word. In yeoman, Mr. Walker 
gives the sound of long o in the first syllable : Doctor Johnson states 
positively, that it has the sound of short t ; and on his authority, 
with that of Dean Swift,. Sheridan^ Scott, Barclay, and several 
others, I have ventured to place it under this accent, with every 
analogous word in the language except people* 

The author, as a teacher, a father, and a citizen, has long seen, 
with regret, the deficiency of most of the reading books with which 
our schools are furnished. He is aware of the extreme difficulty 
of combining the most useful instruction with just principles ; 
clothing both in words adapted to the capacity of a child, and in- 
timately connecting them with those endearing associations which 
shall fasten on the memory ; guide the actions, and deeply interest 
the heart. Children know nothing of virtue and vice, nor of any 
thing else, in the abstract. The ideas attached to these current 
words are among the most complex in the language. Their meaning 
is gathered from experience, which the juvenile mind does not pos- 
sess ; from a train of inferences drawn from various facts and rela- 
tions. The world of the child lies within the little horizon which 
limits the perceptions of his outward senses. All his ideas of right 
and wrong have direct reference to himself and those who imme- 
diately surround him; and he deems the rest of mankind good or 
bad, as they are well or ill affected to those he holds dear. 

If the reading lessons in this little volume should meet the eye 
of the learned scholar, he will recollect that they are not written 
for him; but for the dawning mind, to whom nothing is trivial, 
which presents a good moral, or a pleasing allusion, and whose vo- 
cabulary is too limited for the higher ornaments of style. 

In penning these readings, several considerations were presented. 
Something was wanted, in American schools, to replace the les- 
sons, which have been copied from book /o book, since the reign 
of Queen Anne. Though some of these hackneyed pieces are 
among the standard specimens of English literature, they are not 
well adapted to the minds of American children. It is the inten- 
tion, in the present work, to advance principles suited to the rising 
generation, in the United States. The characters, the objects, the 
illustrations, are American: the doctrines and sentiments are in- 
tended to be so. ^P> 

This work will not be brought into notice by its devotion to those 
artificial distinctions of rank, which state policy has established, in 
other countries, and which have been too servilely venerated in this. 
Moral grandeur is the true glory of a free nation. If any effort of 
the author's pen, should have some small influence on the minds of 



INTRODUCTION. 



American children, that influence will be exerted to exalt the 
honest, industrious farmer, and mechanic ; not to represent them as 
low, and vile* because they are useful : not to draw the division 
line between patrician and plebeian ; but between virtue, and vice; 
intelligence, and ignorance; solid worth, and empty pride. 

Beasts, reptiles and insects are not represented, in this volume, 
as the equals of rational beings : because such a supposition is re- 
pugnant to nature, science, and correct moral sentiment. Most of 
the fables so long employed in the schools, are particularly im- 
proper for small children, who should be taught by literal exam- 
ples, before they can comprehend figures of rhetoric, or draw 
inferences from remote hints. The proper use of fables is to in- 
struct or warn those who would not rightly hear the truth direct. 
Within these limits the turn of a parable may often add great force 
to monitory truth or moral inculcation, and may claim the sanction 
of high authority. The fancy of converting inferior animals into 
" teachers of children" has been carried to ridiculous extravagance. 
To represent a she goat as nurturing a boy and justly receiving on 
that account, the love or respect due to a mother, is as false in 
morals as it is in philosophy. Brutes may be brought into the sys- 
tem of instruction, as parts in Natural History ; as playful images ; 
or as objects of attachment in a subordinate degree ; but the feel- 
ings of gratitude, affection, and respect, in all higher forms, can 
only exist among intelligent beings, in their relations to each other. 
We may with equal ease say that a certain good child is diligent, 
from a sense of duty and honorable ambition, or that the bee and 
ant are so, from the instinct of their nature. The former lesson is 
more impressive as well as more just. 

Children are particularly impatient, at being long confined at any 
one thing. Their minds are not formed for deep investigations, or 
for reasoning upon abstract ideas : yet even the diversity in which 
children delight, is not inconsistent with a closely connected series 
of events. Well written narratives are therefore best adapted to 
their wants and capacities. The interest in the persons and things 
presented to the mind, may be increased by their relation to each 
other, or to a common bond of union, to which the young reader 
may have been previously attached. He becomes acquainted with 
the personage of whom he reads, and is drawn to him by affection, 
respect, and sympathy, as to a present friend. He goes with him, 
and feels a lively interest in all that concerns him. Children will 
better peruse the same amount of matter in connexion, than in 
parts entirely detached. The mind is enlivened, and the memory 
aided by the association of each particular subject, with a chain of 
events, and with persons in whose behalf the feelings are enlisted ; 
and for the justness of these general principles, we may appeal to 
the reasonings of the mental philosopher, and the experience of 
every judicious teacher. 



ANALYTICAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



CHAPTER I. 

KEY OF ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS AND MARKS OF 
ACCENT, AS USED IN THIS VOLUME. 

By a vowel, is meant a pure, simple, un- 
mingled sound: such as is prolonged at plea- 
sure, merely by the breath, without moving 
the organs of speech. The five sounds of a, 
two of e, four of o, two of u, and the short i% an- 
swer this description. Long i, at, in fair, or a 
in fare, ou in our, oi in oil, are diphthongs; and 
by this term is meant, throughout this work, 
an intimate combination of two vowels, both 
sounded, in the same syllable. It is essential 
also to a diphthong, that it is not resolvable, 
by analysis, into the plain, simple, and direct j 
sounds of the letters which compose it. W 
is sounded like u, both single and in combi- 
nations; and y, like i: both are always vowels. 

There are eighteen vowel sounds in the 
English language, fourteen simple vowels, 
and four diphthongs. 

Figure. Marks of Vowel Sounds. 

1 represents the long sounds of all the 

vowels. 

2 represents the short sounds. 

3 represents the sound of broad a, in k\\, 

nor. 

li 



4 represents short broad a, in what, not, wan. 

5 represents the Italian a, in fdr, balm, Sh. 

6 represents double o proper, in spdon, 

move, s&up. 

7 represents double o short, in book, bull, 

should. 

8 represents the diphthong oi, in dil, cdin, 

-cldy. 

9 represents the diphthong ou, in pound, 

vow. 

a represents the diphthongal ai, in chair 
fair, ay. 

6 shows that the letter o, is sounded like 
short u, as in love, won. 

6 g. The inverted comma before g, shows 
it to be hard before e, i, or y. 

S,in Italic, sounds like z: th, is flat as in this: 
all other letters printed in Italic are silent. 

It is a quality of the letter r, to produce a 
break on .any vowel, forcibly pronounced, im- 
mediately preceding it: because, that in gli- 
ding from the sound of any vowel, to the 
letter r, the organs of speech must pass over 
that position, which forms short e. Thus, 
lore has the same sound as low-er; hire, the 
same as high-er; and pure, the same as the 
Latin word pu-er. There is a strong tendency 
in this letter to give to a preceding a, e, or i, 
a more harsh and guttural sound, as in her, 
bird, verse, and many other words. 

A mark of accent, placed over a word, 
stands also for all following words, to the next 
mark of accent. 



( 13) 




THE ALPHABET. 








-0©0- 




Roman. 


Italic. 


Old English. 


Name. 


a A 


a A 


» & 


a 


b B 


b B 


ft M 


be 


c C 


c C 


t e 


ce 


d D 


d D 


tr m 


de 


e E 


e E 


C iS 


e 


f F 


f F 


t iF 


ef 


g G 


g G 


S «£ 


je 


h H 


h H 


ti m 


aitch 


i I 


i I 


i * 


i 


J J 


J J 


! $ 


J a 


k K 


k K 


it n 


ka 


1 L 


I L 


i & 


el 


m M 


m M 


m m 


em 


n N 


n N 


n $L 


en 


o 


o 


o # 


o 


P P 


P P 


» ¥ 


pe 


q Q 


9 Q 


<t <& 


cu 


r R 


r R 


v M 


ar 


8 S 


s S 


8 M 


es 


t T 


t T 


t © 


te 


u U 


u V 


tt WL 


u 


v V 


v V 


fc $T 


ve 


w W 


w W 


m 20 


double u 


x X 


x X 


r x 


eks 


y y 


y y 


» a? 


wi, or ye 


z Z 


z Z 


? -z 


ze 


• fF 


ffl 


A a 


ffi 


1 2 3 


4 5 6 


7 8 9 10 








1 


B 









( 14) 




ROMAN LETTERS. 


ABCDEFG HI JKLMNO 




PaRSTUVWXYZ 


al 


b c defghij klmnopq 




rstuvwxyz 


LESSONS 1 2 3 4 




a h c 


ij k 


o r f 


q 




b 


d 


P 


w x y 




e s g 


1 m ri 


t u V 


z 




CHAPTER II. 




TABLE I. 


Union of letters in forming syllables, with a few plain 




words intelligible to young children. 




LESSON 1. LESSON 2. 


Ba 


ca # da fa ga 


ha ja ka la ma 


be 


de fe 


he je ke le me 


bi 


di fi 


hi ji ki li mi 


bo 


co do fo go 


ho jo ko lo mo 


bu 


cu da fu gu 


hu ju ku lu mu 


by 


dy fy 


hy ky ly my 




LESSON 3. LESSON 4. 


na 


pa ra sa ta 


va wa ya za ca # 


ne 


pe re se te 


ve we ye ze ci 


ni 


pi ri si ti 


vi wi yi zi cy 


no 


po ro so to 


vo wo yo zo ge* 


nu 


pu ru su tu 


vu yu zu gi 


ny 


py ry sy ty 


vy wy zy gy 


* 


C before a, o» and w, sounded like k. C before c, z, and v, like s. 


J G before e, i, and jr, likey. 







(15) 








LESSON 5. 




LESSON 6. 




ac 


ab ad af 


ag 


ah 


ak al am 


an 


ec 


eb ed ef 


eg 




ek el em 


en 


ic 


ib id if 


ig 




ik il im 


in 


oc 


ob od of 


°g 


oh 


ok ol om 


on 


uc 


ub ud uf 


ug 




uk ul urn 


un 




LESSON 7. 




LESSON 8. 




ap 


ar as at 


av 


ax 


ay az ba 


ab 


ep 


er es et 


ev 


ex 


ez da 


ad 


J P 


ir is it 


iv 


ix 


iz pa 


ap 


op 


or os ot 


ov 


ox 


6y oz ma 


ant 


up 


ur us ut 


uv 


ux 


uz na 


an 




LESSON 9. 




LESSON 10. 
sla pra 




bla 


cla fla 


gla 


pla 


era 


ble 


cle fle 


gle 


pie 


ste bre 


ere 


bli 


cli fli 


gli 


pli 


sli bri 


cri 


bio 


clo flo 


glo 


plo 


slo bro 


cro 


blu 


clu flu 


glu 


plu 


slu bru 


cru 


bly 


cly fly 


gty 


ply 


sly bry 


cry 




LESSON 11. 




LESSON 12. 




tha 


ska spa 


sta 


swa 


scu alp 


ect 


the 


ske spe 


ste 


swe 


scef alt 


ish 


thi 


ski spi 


sti 


swi 


scif elb 


urd 


tho 


sko spo 


sto 


swo 


scyf ilb 


apt 


thu 


sku spu 


stu 


sea 


alb ol-b 


ust 


thy 


sky spy 


sty 


SCO 


aid ulb 


eth 




t See, sri, scy^ pronounced 


ikes^, si, sy. 





( 16 ) 



LESSON 13. 

dra fra gra pra 

dre fre gre pre 

dri fri gri pri 

dro fro gro pro 

dru fru gru pru 

dry fry gry pry 

LESSON 15 

fan ten dam nut 

pan pin ram bit 

man tin hop nit 

din win sop pit 

men run top cup 

pen sun cut sup 



chra 

chre 

chri 

chro 

chru 

chry 



LESSON 17. 

spla 

sple 

spli 

splo 

splu 

spiy 



LESSON 14. 

tra cha pha sha 

tre che phe she 

tri chi phi shi 

tro cho pho sho 

tru chu phu shu 

try chy phy shy 

LESSON 16. 

bid bog rum fox 

did dog sum but 

bag hog tax mop 

nag cot wax nip 

bug hot six bad 

hug hut box rod 



LESSON 18. 



sera 


spra 


stra 


sere 


spre 


stre 


sen 


spn 


stri 


scro 


spro 


stro 


scru 


spru 


stru 


scry 


spry 


stry 



thra 
thre 
thri 
thro 
thru 
thry 



Note. — It will be thought by some, that several of the 
foregoing lessons are too difficult for learners, in their first 
attempts at spelling; there is no doubt of the fact. The 
teacher may therefore select, at pleasure, such as are most 
agreeable to his views ; the learner may then pass to Table 
2, where he will find the easiest sounds, and the easiest 
lessons, and continue his progress through Table 5. 







( 17 


) 








TABLE II. 




Monosyllables ending in e 


final, having the regular 


long sounds of the vowels, followed by 


others, ending 


in a single consonanl 


:, exemplifying the short sounds of 


the vowels. 












LESSON 1. 




bile 


male 


vale 


face 


race 


dale 


pale 


wale 


lace 


bad 


gale 


sale 


babe 


mace 


fade 


hale 


tale 


dace 


pace 


jade 






LESSON 2. 




lade 


gage 


wage 


lake 


take 


made 


page 


ake 


make 


wake 


safe 


rage 


bake 


rake 


came 


cage 


sage 


cake 


sake 


dame 






LESSON 3. 




fame 


same 


fane 


sane 


nape 


game 


tame 


lane 


vane 


rape 


lame 


bane 


mane 


wane 


tape 


name 


cane 


pane 


cape 


are 






LESSON 4. 




bare 


mare 


base 


date 


mate 


care 


pare 


case 


fate 


pate 


dare 


rare 


rase 


gate 


rate 


fare 


tare 


vase 


hate 


sate 


hare 


ware 


bate 


late 


cave 






LESSON 5. 




gave 


save 


cede 


mere 


bibe 


hive 


wave 


eke 


sere 


gibe 


nave 


gaze 


ere 


fete 


ice 


pave 


haze 


cere 


mete 


dice 


.rave 


maze 


here 


eve 


lice 



b2 







( 


18) 


- 








LESSON 6. 






dice 


side 


mile 


kine 


dire 


site 


lice 


tide 


pile 


line 


fire 


dive 


mice 


wide 


tile 


mine 


hire 


five 


nice 


fife 


vile 


nine 


mire 


live 


rice 


rife 


wile 


pine 


sire 


lobe 






LESS~( 






tice 


life 


dime 


sine 


tire 


rdbe 


vice 


wife 


lime 


vine 


wire 


bode 


bide 


like 


rime 


wine 


bite 


code 


hide 


pike 


time 


pipe 


cite 


mode 


mde 


bile 


dine 


ripe 


mite 


node 


ride 


file 


fine 


wipe 


rite 


rode 






LESSON 8. 








A plum cake. 


A ripe peach 


. 




A good child. 


A sweet pink 








LESSON 9. 






bole 


hdme 


gdre 


hdve 


jtme 


brave 


dole 


tome 


lore 


rove 


tune 


braze 


hole 


bone 


more 


wove 


dupe 


bride 


mole 


cone 


pore 


doze 


cure 


brine 


pole 


hone 


sore 


cube 


dure 


brute 


sole 


tone 


tore 


tube 


lure 


chafe 


tole 


zone 


wore 


luce 


mure 


chase 






lesso: 






dome 


c6pe 


dose 


ride 


pAre 


chide 


doge 


hope 


cote 


fuge 


lute 


chime 


coke 


mope 


dote 


huge 


mute 


chine 


joke 


pope 


mote 


duke 


blame 


choke 


poke 


rope 


note 


puke 


blaze 


clave 


work 


bore 


rote 


mule 


brace 


clime 


yoke 


core 


vote 


rule 


brake 


cloke 


Note.- 


-It is recommended to teachers, 


to accustom the pupil to 


cailing the words in 


the reading 


lessons, as soon as the 


eye can take 


in the syllables which compose 


them. 




T. M. L. 



( 19 ) 


'■■' 


LESSON 11. 




cldse frame grope pr&ne shdre 


sp&de 


clove flote grove scale slake 


spake 


crane flute place scape slate 


spice 


crape glade plane scrape slave 


spike 


crave glaze plate scate slice 


spine 


craze glebe prame scope slide 


spire 


crime glide prate score slime 


spite 


LESSON 12. 




The sky is blue ; the grass is green. 


Pinks smell sweet. Good girls are neat. 


crdne globe price scribe smile 


sprite 


crude grace pride shade smite 


spoke 


drake grade prime shame smoke 


spume 


drive grape prize shape smote 


spruce 


drone grate probe shave snake 


stage 


drove grave prone shine snipe 


stake 


flake graze prore shrine snore 


stale 


flame gripe prude shone space 


stave 


LESSON 13. 




Let the best child in school have a good 


ripe red peach, and five blue plumbs 


5, and ten 


grapes, and a nice new book. 




The sun looks red like fire: the 


j moon is 


white and bright, and gives light in the night. 


LESSON 14. 




g&p bat tax p£g bet 


vex 


hap cat wax gem 4 get 


bib 


lap fat bed hem jet 


fib 


map hat fed den let 


jib 


nap mat led fen met 


nib 


pap pat red hen net 


rib 


rap rat wed men pet 


bid 



j 




(20) 










LESSON 15. 






lid 


kin 


fit r6b 


% 


dfib 


rid 


pin 


hit sob 


hop 


hub 


big 


sin 


nit cod 


lop 


nub 


dig 


tin 


pit hod 


mop 


rub 


% 


win 


sit nod 


pop 


tub 


fig 


dip 


wit pod 


sop 


bud 


P% 


hip 


fix rod 


top 


cud 


wig 


up 


mix sod 


bot 


mud 


dim 


nip 


six bog 


cot 


bug 


him 


pip 


bob cog 


dot 


dug 


rim 


rip 


cob dog 


got 


hug 


bin 


sip 


fob fog 


hot 


lug 


: din 


tip 


hob hog 


jot 


mug 


fin 


bit 


job jog 


lot 


pug 


gin 


cit 


mob log 

LESSON 16. 


not 


rug r 


Jane, the good girl, can 


spell i 


the whole 


page down, and she is yet but five years old. 


The bad boys make much 


noise in school, 


and will not sit still on the beiich, nor let the 


rest be still, if 


they can help 


it. 




Let 


us make the best of -our time, 


and learn 


while 


we can. 


LESSON 17. 






clog 


driig 


from gr&t 


pldm 


slit 


clot 


drum 


flux glut 


slab 


trap 


crop 


flag 


glad grub 


slap 


tret 


club 


flap 


grab grum 


slat 


trim 


crum 


flat 


glen plan 


slid 


trip 


drab 


flax 


glib plat 


slim 


trod 


drag 


fled 


grig prim 


slip 


trot 


dram 


fret 


grim plod 


slit 


shad 



Able 


ba ker 


ca ble 


ma ker 


fa ble 


ra ker 


ga ble 


ta ker 


sa ble 


ba con 


ta ble 


.ba sin 


sta ble 


bale ful 


ca per 


bane ful 


pa per 


base ness 


ta per 


be ing 



(jn 

TABLE III. 

Easy words of two syllables, accented on the first. 
LESSON 1. 

bi ble cix bit 

bi ped bo lus 

bri er bra zen 

bri nish bro ker 

ca ret bru tal 

case ment a ged 

ca ter a gent 

ci der a pril 

ci tal cli ent 

cu bic cli max 

LESSONS. 

Rain falls from the clouds; and when the 
sky is clear, and the sun shines, it will not 
rain, nor snow, nor hail. 

In the spring the grass grows for the cows 
to eat; and the men plant corn, and sow 
wheat, and rye, and oats. 

When the grain is ripe, men cut it, and bind 
it, and it is ground in the mill, to make bread, 
and cake, and pie-crust. 

LESSON 3, 

cl6 ven di al dri er fi nal 

clo ver di et dri ver fi nis 

cogent diver drover forum 

co Ion do tal dru id fu el 

co quet do tard e ra fli er 

era die do ter e ven flo ral 

cri er du cal e vil flo ret 

cri sis du el e qual flu ent 





( 


22 ) 






LESSON 4. 


_ 


hi cid 


6 men 


pe nal 


pii pil 


lu rid 


o pal 


pe tal 


pu trid 


ma tron 


o ral 


pi lot 


qua ker 


me grim 


o val 


pi per 


qua ver 


me ter 


o ver 


pli ant 


qui et 


mo ment 


pa cer 


plo ver 


quo turn 


mu lish 


pa gan 


plu ral 


quo ta 


mu ral 


pa god 


poem 


ra cer 


na ked 


pa pal 


po et 


ra kish 


na tal 


pa rent 


po ker 


re al 


ne gro 


pa ver 


po tent 


re bus 


no ted 


pe dal 


pro em 


re cent 




LESSON 5. 




The horse is shod 


with i-ron, nail-ed to his \ 


hoofs. The ox has 


horns; and 


his foot is 


split like those of the 


sheep and the hog; but 1 


the horse has his foot whole. 




Ox-en, 


and horses 


, and cows. 


, and sheep, 


eat hay and grass; hogs eat corn; boys like 


meat, and cake, and 


pie. 






LESSON 6. 




ri der 


ta king 


tri nal 


vi per 


ri ot 


ta per 


tro ver 


vi tal 


ri val 


ti ler 


tu lip 


vo cal 


ro ver 


ti ling 


tu mid 


vo ter 


sa cred 


tho ral 


tu nic 


wa fer 


sa go 


the sis 


tune ful 


wa ger 


sa tan 


to paz 


tu mult 


wa ver 


sa ving 


to per 


va cant 


wi per 


se cret 


to tal 


va cate 


wo ful 


se rum 


tra der 


ve nal 


ba by 


stu pid 


tri al 


vi and 


bo ny 



(23) 






LESSON 7. 




era zy 


grk 


plti my 


sli my 


crude ly 


hol^ 


po ny 


smo ky 


do zy 


i cy 


pory 


sna ky 


du ty 


i vy 


pu ny 


spi cy 


duly 


jury 


que ry 


spi ny 


fine ly 


kind 1) 


r ri ly 


spi ry 


flaky 


la dy 


ropy 


sto ry 


fla my 


la zy 


ru by 


tame ly 


fu my 


ma zy 


sha dy 


ti dy 


fu ry 


mi ry 


shi ny 


time ly 


gory 


na vy 


si zy 


tory 


glo ry 


no bly 


sla ty 
LESSON 8. 


va ry 


Fish and birds, beasts and in- 


sects, are an-i- j 


mals. Fish have 


fins, and swim in the sea, or ! 


in brooks 


5, Birds have feath-ers and wings, j 


and fly in 


the air. 


Beasts walk 


on the ground.] 


Beasts that have 


four legs are 


cal-led quad- 1 


ru-peds. 


Cat-tie, 


and dogs, ho 


gs, sheep, and 1 


cats, are 


quad-ru- 


peds; they have four legs. — 


Flies, and bugs, bees, spi-ders, 


crick-ets, and 


grass-hop 


>-pers, are in-sects. 


i 


- . 




LESSON 9. 


! 


2 Ab bot 


kn vil 


ban ner 


big ness 


ac rid 


ap pie 


ban ter 


big ot 


ad der 


ar id 


bar on 


billet 


ad vent 


as pen 


bar re] 


bit ter 


after 


as per 


bar ren 


blad der 


al urn 


at las 


bas set 


blank et 


amber 


at om 


bat ter 


bles sed 


am el 


ax is 


bel fry 


bles sing 


am ply 


bab ble bend er 


blis ter 













( 


24 ) 




ckn die 


com plex 


drag on 


fin ny 1 


can ter 


con slant 


dres ser 


fis cal 1 


can to 


con sul 


drum mer 


fit ly 1 


can ton 


con tact 


drum stick fitness | 


car at 


con test 


drunk ard 


flag on 1 


car ol 


con text 


dul cet 


flat ter 1 


car rot 


con trast 


dus ty 


flesh y 1 


car ry 


con vent 


ed dy 


flint y 1 


cav il 


cos tal 


el der 


flip pant 


chan nel 


cot ton 


em blem 


frag ment 


chap el 


cud gel 


em met 


fran tic 


chap let 


cul ly 


en ter 


free kle 


chap ter 


cul prit 


en try 


frit ter 


check er 


cum ber 


en vy 


fod der 


chil ly 


cur rent 


ep ic 


folly 


cin der 


cur ry 


er rant 


fon die 


cit y 


cus torn 


ev er 


fond ly 


cit ron 


cut ler 


ex tant 


fos sil 


civ et 


cut ter 


fab ric 


frol ic 


civ ic 


crum ble 


fag ot 


fos ter 


civ il 


dal ly 


fam ish 


ful gent 


clap per 


dap per 


fan cy 


fun nel 


clar et 


dap pie 


fel on 


fur long 


clas sic 


daz zle 


fen der 


fur nish 


clat ter 


den tal 


fen nel 


fus tic 


clem ent 


den tist 


fer ry 


gab ble 


clev er 


des pot 


fes tal 


gal Ion 


clus ter 


dex ter 


fes ter 


gal lop 


clut ter 


die tate 


fet ter 


gam ble 


cred it 


dif fer 


fifty 


gam bier 


crick et 


din ner 


fillet 


gam ut 


crit ic 


dip per 


filly 


gan der 


cob ble 


dis cord 


fil ter 


gant let 1 

„ — = 1 



-(2S) 

LESSON 10. 

The ox eats grass. The deer runs fast. 
The cat kills mice. Fowls have wings, and 
fly swiftly in the air. 

Beasts can-not speak, nor learn to read; 
but they can all make some kind of noise. 
The cats mew and purr; the dog barks. 

LESSON 11. 

gen der grav el ham let be] met 

gen tie grim ly ham mer help er 

gen try grit ty ham per her ring 

gib bet grum ble han die hil lock 

gin ger gul let han dy hil ly 

gipsy gully happy hobble 

gladly gunner has soc hobby 

glim mer gus set hat ter hoi ly 

glit ter gut ter hav oc hop per 

LESSON 12. 
The li-on roars; lit-tle birds chirp and sing; 
the old hen clucks; the chick-ens peep; the 
geese hiss; the ducks quack; the ox-en low; 
wolves howl; bears growl; apes chat-ter; frogs 
croak; an owl hoots; mice squeak; lit-tle 
lambs bleat, and skip, and play about on the 
green grass. 

LESSON 13. 
hum bird jes ter in got ket tie 

hum ble jet ty ink y kid nap 

hun dred jin gle in land kirn bo 
hun ter job ber in let kin die 

hur ry joe ky in mate king dom 
husky jolly insect kitten 

jab ber ill ness in slant lad der 

o 



(26)' __ 

LESSON 14. 

When the lamb grows big, it will have long 
wool, and be a sheep; and the small calf, by 
and by, will be a great ox. 

The large oak tree grew from a lit-tle a- 
corn; and the beech tree from a small nut. 

LESSON 15. 
lap pet lev el Hn net lAm ber 

lat ent lev er lit ter lus ty 

lat ter lil y liv er mad am 

lav ish lim ber liv id mad man 

lem ma lim bo liv ing mag net 

lemon limit lizard mallet 

lend er lim ner lob by mam mon 

len til lim pid lob ster man date 

lep er lin den lock et man drake 

let ter lin en lodg er man ful 

LESSON 16. 

Men plant peach stones in the ground, and 
they sprout, and grow, and make peach trees. 

I-ron ore and gold are dug in deep mines. 
Men heat the ore in a great fire, and ham- 
mer it into bars. 



man na 
man ner 
man tie 
mar ry 
mat in 
mat ter 
max im 
mel on 
mem ber 



mer ry 
mil ler 
mim ic 
mit ten 
mod est 
mod ern 
mon ster 
mud dy 
muf fle 



LESSON 17. 

mdm ble 
mun dane 
mur der 
mur mur 
mus ky 
mus ket 
mus ty 
mut ter 
nap kin 



n£t tie 
nev er 
nib ble 
nov el 
nov ice 
num ber 
on set 
ot ter 
pack et 





( 


27 ) 


\i 




LESSON 18. 


i 


pad lock 


pat tern 


pis tol 


pot ash 


pal ace 


peb ble 


pity 


pot ter 


pam per 


pel let 


plan et 


prof for 


pan ic 


pen man 


plant er 


prox y 


pan try 


pen ny 


plat ter 


prim er 


par ish 


pep per 


plen ty 


print er 


par ry 


pes ter 


plum met 


pub lie 


par rot 


petty 


plun der 


pup pet 


pat ent 


pil fer 


plod der 


pup py 


pat ten 


pip pin 


pock et 


putty 




LESSON 19. 




The great and good God, who made the 


world, can see all that we do. 


His eye is o- 


ver ev-e-ry one of us, 


He knows all that we 


think; be- 


■cause he i 


sees our hearts; and no 


wicked work can be hid from His sight. 




LESSON 20. 




rab it 


ren der 


sal vo 


shiv er 


ral ly 


rev el 


san dal 


sig nal 


ram mer 


ring let 


sat in 


silly 


ram part 


rib bon 


scan ty 


sil ver 


ran dom 


riv er 


scat ter 


sul len 


rap id 


riv et 


seg ment 


sul tan 


rat tie 


rob ber 


sel dom 


sul try 


rav in 


rob in 


sel fish 


tin man 


reb el 


run ner 


sev er 


tin sel 


ref uge 


rus set 


sex ton 


tip pet 


rel ic 


sal ad 


shat ter 


ves tal 


rel ish 


sal ly 


shel ter 


vie tim 


rem nant 


sal ver 


shil ling 


vil la 





( 


28 ) 






LESSON 14. 




sim mer 


sdm mer 


tip sy 


vis ta 


sim pie 


sum mit 


tit ter 


viv id 


sin ful 


sum mon 


tram mel 


vol ly 


sin ner 


sun set 


turn ble 


vom it 


sis ter 


sup per 


ton ic 


wel kin 


sit ting 


sur ly 


top ic 


wel ter 


six ty 


tab by 


trop ic 


win ter 


skil let 


tab let 


tun nel 


wit ty 


skip per 


tal ent 


tur ban 


ce dar 


slen der 


tal ly 


tur nip 


fri ar 


slip-per 


tal on 


tur pid 


li ar 


slum ber 


tarn per 


turn pike 


lu nar 


smat ter 


tan gent 


trum pet 


po lar 


spat ter 


tan ner 


trun die 


so lar 


spig ot 


tas sel 


ugly 


nee tar 


spin ner 


tat ter 


ul cer 


dol lar 


spin ster 


tel ler 


urn ber 


ped lar 


spir it 


tern per 


um pire 


pil lar 


slop py 


ten ant 


un der 


vie ar 


sock et 


ten der 


up per 


vul gar 


sol id 


ten don 


ur gent 


gram mar 


splin ter 


ten dril 


ut most 


dd nor 


stag nant 


ten on 


ut ter 


fa vor 


stag nate 


ten ter 


vam per 


fla vor 


stam mer 


tes tate 


vap id 


ju ror 


stand ard 


tes ty 


vas sal 


la bor 


stin gy 


tet ter 


vel lum 


ma jor 


stud y 


til ler 


vel vet 


o dor 


stur dy 


tim ber 


vend er 


pre tor 


sub urb 


tim brel 


ven om 


te por 


sud den 


tim id 


ver y 


tu tor 


suf fer 


tin der 


ves sel 


va per 



( 29 ) ■ 

TABLE IV. 

Words of two syllables, with the accent on the second. 



Unaccented syllable, long, 
LESSON 1. 



A bate 
a base 
a bide 
a bode 
a cute 
a dore 
ago 
a like 
a live 
a lone 
a maze 
a pace 
a side 
a tone 



a wake 
be fore 
be have 
be hind 
be side 
be stride 
be take 
be tide 
bro cade 
ca reen 
co here 
ere ate 
era sade 
de base 



de bate 
de cay 
de cide 
de cline 
de duce 
de face 
de file 
de fy 
de grade 
de lay 
de hide 
de mure 
de note 
de nude 



de nj 
de plore 
de plume 
de prave 
de pute 
de ride 
de scribe 
de spite 
de vice 
di late 
di lute 
di vide 
di vine 
di vorce 



LESSON 2. 
Day and night and the chang-ing year o-bey 
His will. The earth-quake and whirl-wind; the 
ra-ging sea, and the loud thun-der, are ru-led 
by Him; and, when He bids them, they are 
all still Let us love God; for He is ve-ry 
good: let us ask Him to give us wis-dom, for 
He is all wise; let us fear Him; for there is no 
end of His pow-er. If our pa-rents and friends 
are ve-ry kind, the God of all good-ness makes 
them so; and the mill-ion bless-ings we en-joy 
pro-ceed from His kind care. He made the 
sun to light and warm us. 



e late 
e lope 
e hide 
e rase 
e vade 
e spy 
fore bode 
fore lay 
fore told 
gre nade 
je June 



(30) 

LESSON 3. 
pre scribe re place 
pro cure re ply 
re port 
re pute 
re spire 
re store 
re take 
re tire 
re told 
re trace 
re vere 



pro duce 
pro fane 
pro mote 
pro vide 
pro voke 
re buke 
re cede 
re cite 
re eline 



se dice 
se vere 
su preme 
tra duce 
u nite 
vo lute 
a gree 
be tray 
de cree 
de fray 
de throne 



LESSON 4. 
He spread out the stars through the sky, 
and keeps them in their pla-ces. He sends us 
rain to wet the dry ground, and cause the 
green grass and the hand-some flow-ers to 
spring up in the fields. He makes the grain 
grow to give us bread; and trees and plants 
for our use. 



July 

ma nure 
ma ture 
mi mite 
pa rade 
pa role 
pa trol 
pe ruke 
po lite 
pre cede 
pre elude 



LESSON 5. 
re cluse re vile 



re deem 
re duce 
re fine 
re fute 
re late 
re lume 
rely 
re mote 
re pay 
re pine 



re vive 
re mind 
re voke 
sa lute 
sea lene 
se cede 
se elude 
se crete 
se cure 
se date 



fore see 
pro ceed 
a drift 
a verse 
a fresh 
a mend 
a mid 
a miss 
a verge 
be hest 
be set 





( 


31.)/ 






Unaccented syllable, short. 






LESSON 6. 




ab j&re 


at tine 


con fine 


em brace 


ab struse 


brig ade 


con fute 


em pale 


ac cede 


cas cade 


con nive 


en chase 


ad duce 


col late 


eon sole 


en dure , 


ad here 


com bine 


con spire 


en gage 


ad mire 


com mune 


consume 


en grave 


ad vice 


com mute 


con trive 


en rage 


al lude 


com pile 


con vene 


en robe 


al lure 


com plete 


con voke 


en rol 


ar rive 


com pute 


cor rode 


en slave 


as pire 


com port 


dis like 


en tice 


as size 


com ply 


dis may 


en tire 


as surae 


con dole 


dis pute 


es cape 


as tride 


con cede 


dis robe 


ex cite 


as tray 


con duce 


dis taste 


ex elude 


at tire 


eon fide 


efface 


ex pire 




LESSON 7. 




ex pidde 


in lire 


sur vive 


ac quire 


ex treme 


im pede 


ter rene 


af fray 


for sake 


man kind 


trans late 


apply 


grim ace 


ob late 


trans mute 


k con elude 


im plore 


ob scene 


un bind 


con crete 


imply 


ob scure 


un fold 


dis crete 


im pure 


ob tuse 


un chaste 


dis play 


im pute 


ob trude 


un kind 


im port 


in sane 


par take 


un lade 


in deed 


in scribe 


per spire 


un like 


in shrine 


in spire 


per fume 


un make 


ac cept 


in trude 


per vade 


un ripe 


ac quit 


in twine 


pol lute 


un seen 


ad apt 


in vade 


sin cere 


un told ^ 


ad diet 





( 


32 ) 






LESS* 




ad mix 


cor rdpt 


im pel 


op press 


ad vert 


dis cant 


im plant 


per haps 


ad ult 


dis cuss 


in cense 


per mit 


affect 


dis pel 


in dent 


per plex 


af flict 


dis burse 


in duct 


per sist 


an nex 


dis sect 


in dulge 


per turb 


an nul 


dis patch 


in ert 


por tend 


ar rest 


dis tress 


in feet 


pos sess 


at tend 


dis trust 


in fest 


rat an 


at test 


ef feet 


in fix 


sub ject 


at tract 


en act 


in flict 


sub mit 


col lect 


en camp 


in sert 


sub merge 


com pel 


en hance 


in sist 


sub sist 


com press 


en list 


in spect 


sub tend 


con cern 


en rich 


in struct 


sub tract 


con cert 


en trap 


in tense 


sup plant 


con dense 


ex eel 


in tend 


sus pect 


con fess 


ex cept 


in tent 


trans act 


con nect 


ex pect 


in trust 


trans fix 


con sent 


ex pel 


in vent 


un apt 


con struct 


ex pense 


it self 


un fix 


con suit 


ex tend 


neg lect 


un just 


con tend 


ex tract 


ob ject 


up held 


con vince 


for bid 


ob struct 


with stand 


con vulse 


ful fill 


oc cult 


un furl 




TABLE V. 




Monosyllables of four letters, beginning 


with one conso- 




nant and ending with two. 






LESSON 1. 




Bind mind b&ck pack 


Uck 


find rind hack rack 


deck 


kind wind lack sack 
* 


peck 



1 




( 33 


) 








LESSON 2. 




What can such a little child 


as I am do 


for the Great God, who has done so much for 


me? 


I will pray to Hirr 


i to teach 


me what is 


right, 


and to keep me from all sin 


: I will love 


this Best of all 


Beings, 


and than 


k Him, and 


bless His name, 


and try 


to serve Him. 






LESSON 3. 




ndck 


dill 


foss 


pelt 


f£nd 


peck 


fill 


loss 


help 


lend 


lick 


hill 


moss 


yelp 


mend 


nick 


mill 


toss 


pulp 


rend 


pick 


pill 


gaff 


fact 


send 


sick 


rill 


buff 


pact 


tend 


tick 


sill 


cuff 


tact 


vend 


wick 


till 


luff 


sect 


wend 


buck 


will 


muff 


camp 


wind 


duck 


cull 


puff 


damp 


fund 


luck 


dull 


ruff 


lamp 


bang 


muck 


gull 


bulb 


ramp 


fang 


suck 


tull 


burr 


vamp 


gang 


tuck 


bull 


held 


hemp 


hang 


rich 


full 


weld 


limp 


pang 


much 


pull 


hilt 


bump 


rang 


such 


puss 


milt 


dump 


sang 


bell 


bush 


tilt 


hump 


tang 


cell 


push 


wilt 


lump 


ding 


dell 


cess 


delf 


pump 


ring 


fell 


less 


pelf 


band 


sing 


sell 


mess 


self 


hand 


wing 


tell 


hiss 


belt 


land 


bung 


well 


kiss 


felt 


sand 


hung 


bell 


boss 


melt 


bend 


rung 



( 34 ) ( 






TABLE VI. 




Words with two vowels united, and dipthongs. 






LESSON 1. 




Aid 


faith 


maim 


s&id # 


w&it 


■Ail 


gain 


main 


sail 


blain 


aim 


gait 


nail 


saint 


braid 


bail 


hail 


paid 


taint 


brain 


bait 


jail 


pail 


vail 


chain 


baize 


laid 


pain 


vain 


claim 


fail 


lain 


paint 


waif 


drain 


fain 


maid 


rail 


wail 


flail 


faint 


mail 


rain 


waist 


grain 






LESSON -2. 




When the 


first man 


and wo-man were 


made, 


they lov-ed the God who made them, 


and did all he 


com-mand-ed them to do. But 


in a short time, they dis- 


-o-bey-ed the com- 


mand of their Ma-ker, which made them sin- 1 


ners, and sub-ject to death. 




All j 


ire sin-ners a-gainst God, 


and this is 


the rea-son w 


ly all must die. 




Though our 


bod-ies die, our souls will livej 


for ev- 


er in an 


-oth-er world. 
LESSON 3. 




plain 


bay 


say 


play 


awl 


plaint 


clay 


says # 


pray 


bawl 


plait 


fay 


way 


scray 


caw 


slain 


gay 


Way 


slay 


daw 


snail 


hay 


bray 


spray 


dawn 


sprain 


lay 


clay 


stay 


fawn 


staid 


may 


dray 


stays 


haw 


stain 


nay 


flay 


stray 


hawk 


strain 


pay 


fray 


sway 


jaw 



l&wn 

maw 

paw 

pawn 

raw 

saw 

taw 

yawl 

yawn 

brawl 



hkul 


beach 


haum 


bead 


laud 


beak 


maul 


beam 


fraud 


bean 


each 


beard 


ear 


beast 


east 


beat 


eat 


cease 


eaves 


deaf 



(35) 

LESSON 
br&wn shawn 
claw sprawl 
craw straw 
crawl thaw 
draw cauk 
drawl caul 
drawn daub 
flaw fault 
prawn gaude 
shawl gauze 

LESSON 5. 
Children should learn to read good books 
while they are young. The Bi-ble is the best 
of all books. It tells us all we ought to do, 
that our souls may be hap-py in an-oth-er and 
bet-ter world, where we shall nev-er die. 
In that bright world, where God and an- 
dwell, we shall feel no sor-row, pain, 
sick-ness, nor trou-ble of any kind. Those 
who do not love God, but keep on in ways 
of wick-ed-ness while they live, will never see 
that hap-py place. 

LESSON 6. 



gels 



deal 

dean 

dear 

fear 

feast 

feat 

feaze 

heal 

heap 



heat 

heath 

heave 

lea 

lead 

leaf 

leak 

lean 

leap 



leash 

least 

leave 

mead 

meal 

mean 

meat 

neal 

neap 



neat 

pea 

peace 

peak 

peal 

pease 

peat 

reach 

read 



reap 

rear 

reave 

sea 

seal 

seam 

sear 

seat 

tea 







(36) 










LESSON 7. 




teal 


bream 


grease 


steam 


tear 


team 


cheap 


greaves 


streak 


wear 


tear 


cheat 


plea 


stream 


swear 


veal 


clean 


plead 


treat 


bee 


weak 


clear 


please 


tweak 


deed 


weal 


cleave 


preach 


wheal 


fee 


weave 


creak 


sheaf 


wheat 


feed 


yean 


cream 


shear 


air 


heed 


year 


crease 


shears 


fair 


meed 


yeast 


dream 


sheath 


hair 


need 


zeal 


drear 


skean 


lair 


reed 


bleach 


flea 


smear 


pair 


seed 


bleak 


fleam 


sneap 


chair 


weed 


blear 


freak 


speak 


stair 


beef 


bleat 


gleam 


spear 


bear 


reef 


breach 


glean 


glean 


pear 


leek 






LESSON 8. 




meek 


weep 


cheer 


sheep 


sweet 


reek 


beer 


need 


sheer 


three 


seek 


deer 


creek 


sheet 


tree 


week 


leer 


creep 


sleek 


wheel 


feel 


meer 


flee 


sleep 


wheeze 


heel 


peer 


fleece 


sleet 


beech 


peel 


seer 


fleer 


sleeve 


leech 


reel 


veer 


fleet 


sneer 


breech * 


deem 


beet 


free 


sneeze 


speech 


seem 


feet 


freeze 


steed 


foid 


teem 


leet 


glee 


steel 


dew 


seen 


meet 


gleek 


steen 


few 


teen 


bleed 


green 


steep 


hew 


ween 


breed 


greet 


steer 


mew 


deep 


breeze 


greeze 


street 


new 



( 37 ) 






LESSON 9. 




blew 


rtie 


foam 


brdach 


j6in 


brew 


sue 


loam 


croak 


joint 


chew 


blue 


roam 


float 


joist 


clew 


flue 


loan 


groan 


loin 


crew 


glue 


moan 


shoal 


moil 


drew 


true 


roan 


throat 


moist 


flew 


daf 


soap 


6il 


point 


grew 


goad 


boar 


boil 


roist 


screw 


load 


hoar 


coif 


soil 


shew 


road 


roar 


coil 


toil 


slew 


toad 


soar 


coin 


voice 


stew 


loaf 


boat 


doit 


void 


threw 


soak 


coat 


foil 


broil 


cue 


coal 


goat 


foin 


choice 


due 


foal 


moat 


foist 


groin 


hue 


goal 


bloat 


hoist 


boy 






LESSON I 




c6y 


f5ol 


ndose 


doom 


b6qk 


hoy 


goose 


ooze 


croop 


cook 


joy 


hoof 


pool 


droop 


foot 


toy 


hoop 


poor 


gloom 


good 


cloy 


hoot 


rood 


groom 


goods 


troy 


loo 


roof 


groove 


hood 


b6om 


loom 


room 


proof 


hook 


boon 


loon 


roost 


scoop 


look 


boot 


loop 


sooth 


shoot 


nook 


coo 


loose 


too 


sloop 


rook 


cool 


mood 


tool 


spool 


soot 


coom 


moon 


tooth 


spoon 


took 


coop 


moor 


woo 


stoop 


wood 


coot 


moose 


woof 


swoon 


wool 


doom 


moot 


bloom 


swoop 


brook 




6 









(38) 






LESSON 11. 




st6od 


mouth 


proud 


clown 


tow 


our 


noun 


scour 


crowd 


bowl 


out 


pouch 


scout 


crown 


mown 


ounce 


pounce 


shout 


drown 


sown 


bounce 


pound 


shroud 


frown 


blow 


bound 


pout 


slouch 


growl 


blown 


bout 


round 


snout 


prow 


crow 


count 


rout 


spout 


prowl 


flown 


doubt 


sound 


sprout 


scowl 


douse 


sour 


stout 


clown 


glow 


foul 


souse 


trout 


fowl 


grow 


found 


south 


bow 


gown 


grown 


fount 


vouch 


cow 


howl 


growth 


gouge 


wound* 


how 


lowt 


show 


gout 


chouse 


mow 


owl 


shown 


hound 


cloud 


now 


town 


slow 


house 


flounce 


sow 


6we 


snow 


loud 


flout 


vow 


own 


stow 


louse 


pounce 


bouse 


bow 


strow 


mound 


glout 


blouze 


low 


strown 


mount 


ground 


brow 


mow 


throw 


mouse 


grouse 


brown 


sow 


thrown 


James can jou 


l count ten. Yes 


; one, two, 


three, four, five, 


six, sev- 


en, eight, 


nine, ten. 


Ver-y well. You must learn to count a hun- 


dred. 


And you 


must learn to know the fig- 


ures, and what num-bers 


they stand for. 


Ed-ward, give 


me my 


hat, and gloves, and 


cane. 


I am going to take a walk. 


Pa, may 


I go with you? Yes, if you will keep your-self 


near me, and not 


t run a-bout to troub-Ie me. 




* Wpui 


id, like pound, round. 





Words of 

De cen cy 
bri be ry 
bro ker age 
ca pi as 
ca ri ous 
era zi ness 
cru ci ble 
cm ci fix 
cru el ty 
cu ra ble 
cu ti cle 
a gen cy 
de vi ate 
di a dem 
di a mond 



(39) 
TABLE VII. 

three syllables, accented on the first. 



di a lect 
di a per 
di a ry 
dra pe ry 
du bi ous 
du pli cate 
du ra ble 
a the ist 
e qui nox 
fe al ty 
flu en cy 
fre quent ly 
fu mi gate 
fu ne ral 
fu ri ous 



glo ri ous 
ho li ness 
i ci cle 
i dol ize 
i ro ny 
ju bi lee 
ju gu lar 
ju ni per 
ju ry man 
ju ve nile 
jew el ry* 
la bi al 
la bor er 
la i ty 
la zi ness 



A spring is alit-tle stream of wa-ter, run- 
ning out of the ground. A brook is the wa- 
ter of sev-e-ral springs flow-ing to-geth-er and 
run-ning thro' mea-dows and fields; some- 
times, to a great dis-tance. Large streams 
of wa-ter, are call-ed riv-ers. A riv-u-let is a 
small riv-er. Some riv-ers are so large as to 
have ships sail-ing up-on them. 

A plain is a large space of ground, e-ven 
and lev-el; al-most as e-ven as a house floor. 

A hill is a part of the ground high-er than 
a plain; some hills are not steep, and you can 
walk on the top of them ver-y ea-sy. 

Other hills are so steep and high, as to 
take a long time to get to the top of them, 



(40) 

and you will have to stop and rest, be-fore 
you can be there. 

Hills as well as low ground, have grass, 
and flow-ers, plants and trees grow-ing on 
them. Some of them have stones and rocks 
on the sides and on the top. The sides of 
some hills are on-ly steep rocks, like a wall 
or the side of a house, and no one can walk 
to the top of tnem. 

Moun-tains are ver-y large hills, ver-y high, 
and some of them ma-ny hun-dred miles long. 

The sea wa-ter is salt; riv-er wa-ter, spring 
wa-ter, and the wa-ter we draw from wells and 
pumps are fresh. 

The sea is ver-y wide and deep; it cov-ers 
more than half the round world we live up-on. 

le ni ent nil me ral pi o ny 

li a ble nu me rous pi lot age 

li bra ry nu tri ment pli a bier 

li on ess nu tri tive pli an cy 

lone li ness o di ous plu vi ous 

ma ni ac o dor ous po et ess 

ma son ry o pi ate pre mi um 

me di ate o ral ly pre vi ous 

me di um o ri ent pri ma cy 

mu cil age o va ry pri ma ry 

mu ta ble o ver plus pri o ry 

mu ti ny o ver ture pri va cy 

need less ly pa tron ess # pu pil age 

ni ce ty pa tri ot pu ri tan 

no ta ry pe ri od pu ri ty 

nu di ty pi e ty ra di ance 



(41) 

The large riv-ers run in-to one an-oth-er; and 
at last in-to the sea. The sea is call-ed the 
o-cean. There are large spa-ces of land on 
the out-side of the world, and the salt wa-ter 
lies all round the land. 

The largest parts of land are called conti- 
nents. 

On the bot-tom of the deep wa-ters of the 
o-cean, are ma-ny hills; some of these hills 
are not high e-nough to come to the top of 
the wa-ters; but oth-ers are so high as to be 
seen, and the tops of such hills are call-ed isl- 
ands. 

Men, and beasts, live on the land. These, 
and all oth-er an-i-mals were first made out 
of the dust of the earth. 



ra di ate 
ra ta bly 
re al ize 
re gen cy 
ri ot ous 
ri val ry 
ro ta ry 
ru di ment 
ru fill nate 
sa vo ry 
see ne ry 
si ne cure 
sla vish ness 
so ber ness 
spu ri ous 
state li ness 

d2 



si i cide 
su per fine 
ta ble cloth 
te di ous 
the a tre 
the o rem 
tu te lage 
u iii ty 
vi o lin 
vo ta ry 
use ful ness 
va can cy 
va por ous 
va ri ous 
vi o late 
vi o let 



z6 di ac 
ab di cate 
ab do men 
ab ro gate 
ab so lute 
ab sti nence 
ac ci dent 
ac cu rate 
ac tive ly 
ac tu al 
ac tu ate 
ad jec tive 
ad ju tant 
ad mi ral 
ad vo cate 
af fa ble 



af flu ence 
ag gra vate 
ag min al 
ag o ny 
ag o nize 
al mon er 
al ti tude 
am a ranth 
am a zon 
am bi ent 
am i ty 
am e thyst 
am nes ty 
am o rous 
am pu tate 
an ti dote 

an ti quate 
an te type 
ap a thy 
ap pe tence 
ap pe tite 
as pho del 
at ti tude 
bach e lor 
bal co ny 
bar ri cade 
bat te ry 
bat tie ment 
ben e fice 
bev er age 
big a my 
big ot ry 



(42) 

bit ter ly 
black ber ry 
bias phe my 
brack ish ness 
brev i ty 
buf fa Io 
but ter fly 
cab i net 
cal a bash 
cal cu late 
cal i ber 
cal i co 
cal o mel 
cal um ny 
can cer ous 
can di date 

can is ter 
can die stick 
can ni bal 
civ il ize 
clem en cy 
can on ize 
can o py 
car ri er 
cas ti gate 
cav al ry 
cat a ract 
cath o lie 
cav i ty 
cham pi on 
chan eel lor 
char i ot 



cit a del 
cit i zen 
clar i on 
das sic al 
cler ic al 
clin ic al 
cred u lous 
crep i tate 
crim i nal 
cul pa ble 
cul ti vate 
cum ber some 
cur so ry 
cur ri cle 
cur va ture 
cus to dy 

cyl in der 
dal li ance 
dec a gon 
dec o rate 
ded i cate 
def er ence 
del e gate 
dem o crat 
den i zen 
den si ty 
dep re cate 
dep u ty 
der o gate 
des o late 
des pe rate 
des ti ny 



( 43 ) 


des ti tute 


em u lous 


fed er al 


det ri ment 


en e my 


fel o ny 


dex ter ous 


en er gy 


fes ti val 


dif fi cult 


en mi ty 


fin ic al 


dif fi dent 


er rant ry 


flat te ry 


dil i gence 


en ti ty 


flat u lent 


dis ci pline 


en vi ous 


flex i ble 


dis lo cate 


ep i cure 


fran gi ble 


dis si pate 


ep i gram 


frip pe ry 


div i dend 


ep i sode 


friv o lous 


diz zi ness 


ep i taph 


ful mi nate 


dyn as ty 


ep i thet 


fur ni ture 


eb o ny 


es cu lent 


gal ax y 


ec sta cy 


es ti mate 


gal i ot 


ed i fice 


et y mon 


gal lant ry 


ed u cate 


ev e ry 


gal le ry 


ed i tor 


ev i dent 


gal li pot 


effigy 


ex e crate 


gar ri son 


eg Ian tine 


ex i gence 


gen e ral 


el e gant 


ex o dus 


gen e sis 


el e gy 


ex pe dite 


gen tie man 


el e ment 


ex pi ate 


gen u ine 


el e phant 


ex tri cate 


gin ger bread 


el o quence 


fab u lous 


grad u al 


em a nate 


fac to ry 


grad u ate 


em bas sy 


fac ul ty 


grat i tude 


em bry o 


fal la cy 


grav el ly 


em e ry 


fal li ble 


grav i tate 


em i nent 


fam i ly 


hab i tude 


em pe ror 


fan ci ful 


her aid ry 


em pha sis 


fas cin ate 


hap pi ness 


emp ti ness 


feb ri fuge 


hem is phere 



(44) 


hep ta gon 


in fi nite 


lex i con 


her e sy 


in flu ence 


lib er al 


her i tage 


in no vate 


lib er ty 


hes i tate 


in so lent 


lib er ate 


hex a gon 


in stant ly 


lib er tine 


his to ry 


in sti tute 


lig a ment 


hin der ance 


in stru ment 


lig a ture, 


hur ri cane 


in su lar 


lit a ny 


id i om 


in te ger 


lit i gate 


id iot 


in te gral 


lit ur gy 


ig no ble 


in tel lect 


liv er y 


im i tate 


in ter est 


luck i ly 


im mo late 


in ter im 


lus ti ness 


im pe tus 


in ter val 


lux u ry 


im pi ous 


in ti mate 


mack er el 


im pie ment 


in tri cate 


mal a dy 


im pli cate 


jac o bin 


man a ger 


im po tence 


jav e lin 


man i fest 


im pu dent 


lac te al 


man i fold 


in ci dent 


las si tud-e 


man u al 


in cu bus 


lat e ral 


mar i ner 


in di cate 


lat i tude 


mar i tal 


in di gence 


lav en der 


mar i time 


in di go 


lav ish ly 


med i tate 


in do lence 


lax a tive 


mel o dy 


in du rate 


lax i ty 


melt ing ly 


in dus try 


leg a cy 


mem o ry 


in fa my 


lee tur er 


men di cant 


in fan cy 


len i tive 


mer ri ment 


in fant ile 


lep ro sy 


mes sen ger 


in fant ry 


leth ar gy 


met a phor 


in fi del 


lev i ty 


mil i tant 



(45) 


mil li ner 


par o dy 


prel a ey 


mim ic ry 


par o tid 


prev a lent 


min er al 


par ri cide 


prim i tive 


min is ter 


pec to ral 


prin ci pal 


min u et 


pec u late 


priv a tive 


mis ere ant 


ped ant ry 


priv i lege 


mit i gate 


ped es tal 


pub lish er 


mit ti mus 


ped i cle 


punc tu al 


mul ber ry 


ped i ment 


pun gen cy 


mul ti pie 


pel i can 


pun ish ment 


mum me ry 


pel i cle 


quack e ry 


mul ti tude 


pen al ty 


querulous 


mus cu lar 


pen e trate 


quin tu pie 


nar ra tive 


pen ta gon 


rad i cal 


nee tar ine 


pen te cost 


rar i ty 


neg a tive 


per i carp 


rav en ous 


nul li ty 


per il ous 


rav ish ment 


num ber less 


per i wig 


rec on cile 


nun ne ry 


pes ti lence 


rec ti tude 


nur se ry 


pet al ous 


rec to ry 


pab u lar 


pick er el 


ref er ence 


pal li ate 


pil grim age 


reg u lar 


pal pa bly 


pil lo ry 


rel a tive 


pal pi tate 


pin na cle 


rem e dy 


pan o ply 


pit e ous 


ren o vate 


par a ble 


pit i ful 


rep ro bate 


par a dise 


pit i less 


rest less ness 


par a dox 


plen i tude 


ret i cle 


par a gon 


plen ti ful 


rev el ry 


par a pet 


plan der er 


rev er end 


par al lax 


prac ti cal 


rit u al 


par i ty 


prefer ence 


rug 4 ged ness 





(46) 


sac ra merit 


siib ju gate * 


tdr pen tine 


run a way 


sub li mate 


tur pi tude 


sac ri fice 


sub se quent 


ul cer ate 


sac ri lege 


sub si dy 


ut ter ly 


san i ty 


sub sti tute 


vag a bond 


sal i vate 


sub ter fuge 


val or ous 


sat ir ist 


suffer ance 


vas cu lar 


san a tive 


suffer ihg 


vend i ble 


sas sa fras 


suf fo cate 


ven er ate 


sur ro gate 


sul ki ness 


ven om ous 


scan dal ous 


sup pie ment 


ven til ate 


scav en ger 


sup pli ant 


ven tri cle 


sec ta ry 


sus te nance 


ver i ty 


sed i ment 


tab o ret 


ves i cate 


sem i nal 


taf fe ta 


ves i cle 


sen a tor 


tarn a rind 


ves ti bule 


sen si ble 


tan gi ble 


vet er an 


sen si tive 


tap es try 


vie to ry 


sen so ry 


tern pe rate 


vil Ian ous 


sen ti ent 


tern por al 


vin di cate 


set tie ment 


ten a ble 


vin e gar 


sev e ral 


ten den cy 


vit re ous 


shel ter less 


ten der ness 


vit ri ol 


sid er al 


ten din ous 


viv id ness 


sim i lar 


ten e ment 


wag on er 


sin gu lar 


ter ri ble 


wil der ness 


sin is ter 


trans i tive 


wist ful ly 


skel e ton 


trav el ler 


wick ed ly 


spec ta cle 


triv i al 


yes ter day 


spir it ous 


true kle bed 


bSd i ly 


stam mer er 


trum pe ry 


bot a nist 


stub born ly 


tur bu lent 


cof fee pot 





(47) 




col lo cate 


god li ness 


pol i cy 


col on ize 


horn i cide 


prof li gate 


con se crate 


jol li ty 


ar mo ry 


com e dy 


lot te ry 


ar se nal 


com ic al 


mod es ty 


bar bar ous 


com mo dore 


mod er ate 


mar gin al 


com pe tence 


mon i tor 


am pli fy 


com pli cate 


nom i nal 


cl&r i fy 


con fer ence 


6b du rate 


dig ni fy 


con flu ence 


ob li gate 


ed i fy 


con ti nent 


ob e lisk 


grat i fy 


cop pe ras 


oc ta gon 


nul li fy 


cot ta ger 


of fi cer 


pet ri fy 


frol ic some 


om in ous 


rat i fy 


glob u lar 


op e rate 


tes ti fy 


glos sa ry 


op tic al 


vii i fy 




TABLE VIII 




Easy words of three syllables, accented on the second. 


A base ment 


a sy lum 


cu ra tor 


a bu sive 


bi tu men 


de base ment 


a ce tous 


ci cu ta 


de ci sive 


a cu men 


che ru bic 


de co rus 


a cute ness 


co e qual 


de co rum 


ad he sive 


co e val 


de ere tal 


ad ja cent 


com pli ance 


de ni al 


af fi ance 


con do lence 


de po nent 


al le gro 


con fine ment 


die ta tor 


a maze ment 


con ni vance 


dif fu sive 


as su ming 


ere a tive 


dis a ble 



( 48 ) 


dis ci pie 


in hi man 


po ta to 


dis qui et 


in qui ry 


pro ce dure 


e lope merit 


in tru sive 


pro cure ment 


em bold en 


in va der 


pro fane ly 


en gra ver 


lum ba go 


pro fuse ness 


e va sive 


man da mus 


re ci tal 


far ra go 


mi nute ly 


re deem er 


vi ra go 


nar ra tor 


re fine ment 


he ro ic 


oc ta vo 


re li ance 


hi a tus 


op po nent 


re vi ler 


hy e na 


pan a do 


se ce der 


i de al 


pan the on 


se cure ly 


im pru dence 


pel lu cid 


so no rous 


in cite ment 


po lite ness 


su preme ly 


in he rent 


po ma turn 


sur vi ver 


tes ta tor 


as sem bly 


er rat ic 


tor na do 


as sist ant 


ex am pie 


tor pe do 


ath let ic 


ex hib it 


tran scri ber 


be wil der 


ex cur sive 


trans lu cent 


bis sex tile 


ex trin sic 


trans pa rent 


bom bast ic 


fa nat ic 


tri bu nal 


co hab it 


fan tas tic 


un a ble 


con sid er 


fo ren sic 


un bri died 


con vul sive 


fore run ner 


un bro ken 


de cep tive 


he pat ic 


a mend ment 


de fence less 


hi ber nal 


ap pel lant 


em bez zle 


i am bic 


ap pen dage 


e met ic 


un chan ging 


ap pen dix 


en am el 


un du ly 


as sas sin 


en dem ic 


un e ven 



ver ba tim 
o me ga 
a ban don 
a bun dant 
a but ment 
a can thus 
ac cept ance 
ac cus torn 
ac quit tal 
ad rait tahce 
ad ven ture 
ag gres sor 
a mal gam 
de mer it 

in sip id 
in spect or 
in stinct ive 
in struct or 
in tes tate 
in trep id 
in trin sic 
in vect ive 
in vent or 
me an der 
fine men to 
mo las ses 
mo men tous 
mo nas tic 
mu lat to 



( 49 ) 

de vas tate 
de vel op 
di lem ma 
di min ish 
dis bur den 
dis par age 
dis sem ble 
dis sev er 
e clip tic 
ec stat ic 
ef ful gence 
e lee trie 
e lix ir 
el lip sis 

nar cdt ic 
neg lect ful 
noc tur nal 
ob ject or 
offend er 
om nif ic 
op press ive 
or gan ic 
os ten sive 
pa cif ic 
pal met to 
pa ren tal 
pa thet ic 
pe dant ic 
per cept ive 



em bel lish 
il lus trate 
im pend ing 
im pul sive 
in ac tive 
in cen tive 
in cul cate 
in cum bent 
in den ture 
in dul gence 
in hab it 
in her it 
in jus tice 
in sen sate 

per spec tive 
pi men to 
po et ic 
po lem ic 
por tent ous 
pos sess or 
prag mat ic 
pre cept ive 
pre cur sor 
pre des tine 
pre vent ive 
pro duct ive 
pro fess or 
pro gress ive 
pro hib it 



E 





(50) 


i 


pro lif ic 


re pl£v y 


rur ren der 


pro mul gate 


re press ive 


syn thet ic 


pros pect ive 


re pub lie 


terrific 


pro tect ress 


re puis ive 


trans gress or 


re cept ive 


re spect ive 


um brel la 


re cur rence 


re strict ive 


un bend ing 


re cum bent 


re trib ute 


un civ il 


re fleet ive 


ro man tic 


un er ring 


re fresh merit 


ru bif ic 


un fit ness 


re ful gent 


sar cas tic 


u ten sil 


re luct ance 


sa tir ic 


ve nat ic 


re mem ber 


se lect or 


vin diet ive 


re mit tance 


spe cif ic 


a bol ish 


re pel lant 


sta tis tic 


ab or tive 


re plen ish 


stu pen dous 


ac com plish 


ad mon ish 


la con ic 


em b&r go 


al lot ment 


mis con duct 


al low ance 


a pos tate 


re spon sive 


a vow al 


colos sal 


un com mon 


en dow ment 


de mol ish 


a cros tic 


en coun ter 


de mon strate 


as ton ish 


im bow er 


des pot ic 


im pos tor 


pro found ly 


em bod y 


in con stant 


sub al tern 


his tor ic 


pro bos cis 


un law ful 


im mod est 


re mon strate 


out law ry 


im mor al 


a l&rm ing 


trans form ing 


im prop er 


a part ment 


re morse less 


i on ic 


ca thar tic 


im mor tal 



__ (51) 

TABLE IX. 

Plain words of three syllables, the chief accent on the 
third, and minor accent on the first. 



Am bus cade 
co in cide 
con tra vene 
can non ade 
dev o tee 
dis a gree 



in ter fere 
in tro duce 
in ter vene 
lem on ade 
mar mal ade 
mis be have 



dis com mode mis ap ply 
dis es teem mu tin eer 



dis en gage 
gaz et teer 
im ma ture 
im por tune 
in com mode 
in com plete 
in sin cere 
in se cure 

con tra diet 
com pre hend 
con de scend 
coun ter act 
dis affect 
dis con nect 
dis pos sess 
dis res pect 
dis con tent 
dis an nul 
in di rect 
in dis tinct 
in cor rect 



op por tune 
o ver rate 
o ver take 
pro ere ate 
pal i sade 
pat en tee 
pi on eer 
pre ma ttire 

in ter mix 
in ter diet 
in ter mit 
in ter sect 
mal con tent 
man u mit 
o ver run 
o ver turn 
re an nex 
rec ol lect 
rec om mend 
rep re hend 
re con duct 



pri va teer 
re as sume 
rec on cile 
re in state 
re pro duce 
ref u gee 
su per sede 
ser e nade 
sub di vide 
su per scribe 
su per vene 
vol un teer 
un der mine 
un fore seen 
ap pre hend 
can zo net 

re pos sess 
su per add 
un con cern 
un der sell 
un der stand 
dis en thrall 
cor res pond 
coun ter m&nd 
dis em bark 
dis re gard 
pic a r6on 
o ver ldok 
mis em pldy 



(68) 

TABLE X. 

Easy words of four syllables, the chief accent on the first, 
and the secondary on the last. 

Fa vor a ble ad mi ra ble crit ic al iy 

a er o naut ad mi ral ty del i ca cy 

a mi a ble am i ca ble des pi ca bly 

ju di ca ture ar is to crat el i gi ble 

lu mi nous ly ar ro gant ly e qui ta ble 

mu ti nous ly car i ca ture es ti ma ble 

ru in ous ly le gis la ture ex eel len cy 

pa tri ot ism lit er a ture ^p pli ca ble 

se ri ous ness min i a ture fig u ra tive 

stu di ous ly tern per a ture hid e ous ly 

va ri a ble crim in al ly het er o dox 

ac cu rate ly cred it a ble id e o cy 

THE ACORN AND THE PUMPKIN; 

Or, the Fault finder who had strange notions in his head; 
but which, by accident % were driven out. 

Persons used to reading, need not be told 
that one reason why a bell makes so much 
noise is, because it is empty, and has a long 
tongue. It is supposed, in this respect, to 
resemble such people as have much to say, on 
subjects which they know very little about. 

A person of this class lay down, at noon, 
on a hot summer day, in the shade of a tall 
oak tree. It was in afield where many pump- 
kins were growing, and just beginning to ri- 
pen, as the month of August drew to a close. 
Several children were standing around, to 
hear this boasting contriver explain his fine 
schemes. 



in fa mous ly 
in no cent ly 
ir ri ta ble 
lam en ta ble 
lin e a ment 
lit er al ly 
mal e a ble 
medicament 
mem o ra ble 
nat ur al ly 
nav i ga ble 
pal li a tive 
pen e tra ble 
per ish a ble 
pit e ous ly 
pit i a ble 
pref er a ble 
rem e di less 
ref er a ble 



(53) 

rev er ent ly 
rev o ca ble 
sen su al ist 
sep a rate ly 
sep tu a gint 
sev er al ly 
slan der ous ly 
slip per i ness 
spec u la tive 
spir it u al 
suf fer a ble 
tab er na cle 
ter min a ble 
ul ti mate ly 
val u a bte 
ven er a ble 
ven om ous ly 
vig or ous ly 
vul ner a ble 



bar ba rous ly 
mar ket a ble 
par don a ble 
com mon al ty 
hos pi ta ble 
cop u la tive 
joe u lar ly 
nom in a tive 
ob du ra cy 
ob sti na cy 
ob vi ous ly 
oc cu pan cy 
op er a tive 
prof it a ble 
prod i gal ly 
pop u lous ness 
pros per ous ly 
tol er a ble 
vol a tile ness 



As he looked up and saw the acorns on the 
branches, he began to call the works of nature 
in question, and was stupid enough to imagine 
that if it had depended on him, he should have 
the arrangement of affairs much better. 

'What an elegant world,' said he, 6 this 
might have been! and why is it that the num- 
berless objects which compose it are so out 
of place? It appears to me that almost every 
thing about it is wrong! 

Why is it so ordered that people have most 
fevers, in the low grounds of Europe and the 
United States, when the quinquina, or Jesuits' 

e2 = 



<___) 

TABLE XI. 

Plain words of four syllables , the chief accent on the first, 
and secondary accent on the third. 

Cft.li na ry ad ver sa ry dig ni ta ry 

lu mi na ry an ti qua ry em is sa ry 

mo men ta ^y ax il la ry es tu a ry 

nu me ra ry bal ne a ry feb ru a ry 

tu te la ry cap il la ry gran u la ry 

a pi a ry cur so ra ry jan i za ry 

a vi a ry cus torn a ry jan u a ry 

bark, which is good for fevers, grows only on 
the mountains of Peru, thousands of miles 
from where it is wanted?' 

' These acorns,' said he, 4 not larger than 
the end of my finger, are hung aloft, on this 
stately oak, where they make such a misera- 
ble appearance that they can hardly be seen: 
while the great yellow pumpkins, so excellent 
for pies, are lying here to spoil, on the dirty 
plowed ground. 

I would have had the acorns grow, like ber- 
ries, on low briers, or vines, and these large 
pumpkins on the tree, where they would 
make a far better show, and one which it 
would be delightful to behold. 

This idle talker would have said much 
more, about altering the world, as he sup- 
posed it ought to be; but just at the moment, 
a plump acorn, dropping from the stem, fell, 
with a smart rap, on his face. ; Ah, ah!' said 
he, as the tingling blow started the tears, ' if 
this acorn had been a pumpkin, it would have 
broken my head.' 



lap i da ry 
lit e ra ry 
mam miliary 
max il la ry 
med ul la ry 
mer ce na ry 
mil i ta ry 
mil le na ry # 
pap il la ry 
preb en da ry 
plan et a ry 
pul raon a ry 
sal u ta ry 
sane tu a ry 
sec on da ry 
sec re ta ry 
sed en ta ry 
sem i na ry 
stat u a ry 
sub lu na ry 
tern po ra ry 
tit u la ry 
trib u ta ry 
un du la ry 
cor o na ry 
for mu la ry 
mor tu a ry 
or di na ry 



( » ) 

com et a ry 
com mentary 
com mis sa ry 
drom e da ry 
sol i ta ry 
vol un ta ry 
ar bi tra ry 
ar bo ra ry 
ac ri mo ny 
ad vo ca cy 
ag ri cui ture 
al a bas ter 
al i mo ny 
an ti mo ny 
ap o plex y 
cat er pil lar 
cer e mo ny 
dif fi cul ty 
mat ri mo ny 
mis eel la ny 
necromancer 
plen ti fully 
pres i den cy 
tab er na cle 
tes sel "la ted 
um bel la ted 
ni ga to ry 
vi bra to ry 



al le go ry 
am a to ry 
des ul to ry 
dil a to ry 
ex ere to ry 
in ven to ry 
man da to ry 
per emp to ry 
pred a to ry 
pref a to ry 
pur ga to ry 
rep er to ry 
ter ri to ry 
tran si to ry 
hu di to ry 
or a to ry 
mon i to ry 
prom is so ry 
prom on to ry 
or tho dox y 
or tho e py 
wi ter mel on 
pdr si mo ny 
par ti ci pie 
cem e te ry 
dys en ter y 
mil li ner y # 
pres by ter y* 



* The word mil le na ry relates to a thousand. 
Mil li ner y signifies the articles sold by a milliner. 
The word pres by te ry has often been erroneously pronounced 
pres byt e ry, 



(06.) 

TABLE XII. 

Easy words of four syllables, with the 

Ab bre vi ate com e di an 
ab ste mi ous com mo di ous 
a e ri al com mu ni ty 

ac cu mu late conclusively 
a do ra ble con ge ni al 
ag glu ti nate con nu bi al 
al le gi ance ere du li ty 
cri te ri on 
cu ta ne ous 
de du ci ble 
de fi na ble 
de mo ni ac 
dis pu ta tive 
e lu cid ate 



al le vi ate 
al lo di al 
al lu sive ly 
al lu vi on 
al u min ous 
a me na ble 
a me ni ty 

am mo ni ac 
an te ri or 
anx i e ty 
a o ni an 
a pe ri ent 
as so ci ate 
bar ba ri an 
bi tu min ous 
cal ca ri ous 
cir cu it ous 
cen tu ri on 
ce ru le an 
col le gi ate 
col lo qui al 



e nn mer ate 
er ro ne ous 
ex pe di ent 
ex pe ri ence 
fer ru gin ous 
for tu i tous 
fu tu ri ty 
gar ru li ty 
gre ga ri ous 
gra tu it ous 
bar mo ni ous 
his to ri an 
hy me ne al 
il lu so ry 



accent on the second. 

m me di ate 
m mu ni ty 
m mu ta ble 
m pi e ty 
m pla ca ble 
m pru dent ly 
m pu ni ty 
m pu ta ble 
n ca pa ble 
n clu sive ly 
n cu ra bly 
n de cen cy 
n e bri ate 
n fu ri ate 

in glo ri ous 
in gre di ent 
in ju ri ous 
in scru ta ble 
in te ri or 
in tu i tive 
in vi ting ly 
le gu min ous 
le vi a than 
li bra ri an 
lu gu bri ous 
lux u ri ous 
ma te ri al 
ma tu ri ty 



mau sd le urn 
me lo di ous 
me mo ri al 
mer cu ri al 
mys te ri ous 
no ta ri al 
nee ta re ous 
o be di ence 
ne fa ri ous 
ob scu ri ty 
nun eu pa tive 
ob se qui ous 
op pro brious 
o va ri ous 
par tu ri ent 
pe nu ri ous 

pellucid ness 
pos te ri or 
pre ca ri ous 
pre to ri an 
pro cu ra ble 
pro du ci ble 
pro pri e ty 
pro tu ber ance 
re du ci ble 
re muner ate 
re sto ra tive 
sa lu bri ous 
sa ti e ty 
se cu ri ty 
so bri e ty 
so ci e ty 



(57) 

spon ta ne ous 
su pe ri or 
sup port a ble 
te ne bri ous 
te nu i ty 
ter ra que ous 
tra ge di an 
un du ti ful 
vo lu min ous 
u to pi an 
ux o ri ous 
va cu i ty 
va ri e ty 
vi ca ri ous 
vie to ri ous 
vin de mi al 

vi tu per ate 
a bil i ty 
ab su'r di ty 
a cad e my 
ac eel e rate 
ac cen tu ate 
ac cept a ble 
ac cliv i ty 
ac tiv i ty 
ad min is ter 
ad mis si ble 
ad ven tur ous 
ad verb i al 
ad ver si ty 
advertisement 
a dul te rate 



a dul te ry 
af fin i ty 
a lac ri ty 
a mal gam ate 
am big u ous 
am phib i ous 
a nal o gous 
an tith e sis 
ap pel a tive 
ap pur te nance 
as cen dan cy 
as per i ty 
as sas sin ate 
as sev er ate 
as sim i late 
at ten tive ly 

at ten u ate 
a vid i ty 
be at i tude 
be nef i cence 
be nev o lent 
bi en ni al 
bi val vu lar 
bo tan i cal 
bru tal i ty 
ca lam i ty 
ca lid i ty 
ca lum ni ate 
cap tiv i ty 
cent en ni al 
car niv o rous 
ta tas tro phe 



(58) 

ce leb ri ty ca thol i con de lin quen cy 
ce ler i ty com mod i ty de lir i ous 
ce lib a cy con com it ant de pend en cy 
cen trip e tal conglomerate dex ter it y 
cer tif i cate cor rob o rate di ag o nal 
circumference de moc ra cy di am e ter 
ci vil i ty demon strativedi rec to ry 

cli mac ter ic dis con so late dis par i ty 
co ad ju tor e con o my dis sat is fy 
co in ci dence e mol u ment dis sem i nate 
col lat er al i dol a trous e lab o rate 
com bust i ble im pol i tic e lect o ral 
commemorate ac cord ing ly e man ci pate 
com pat i ble con form i ty embezzle ment 
compendious co or din ate e phem e ral 
com pul so ry e nor mi ty em bas sa dor 

con cav i ty im por tu nate e rad ic ate 
con fed er ate ac count a ble ex as pe rate 
con grat u late al low a ble e vap o rate 
con sec u tive surmountable ex ec u tive 
con vex i ty cu pid i ty ex em pli fy 
con viv i al cor pus cu lar ex pect an cy 
accommodatede bil i tate for mal i ty 
ac com pa ny de cap i tate fra ter ni ty 
an thol o gy de cid u ous fu til i ty 
a pol o gize de clar a tive gen til i ty 
a pos ta cy de cliv i ty gran iv or ous 
astonishment de crep i tude gram mat ic al 
as trol o ger de fin i tive Kept ag on al 
as tron o my de gen er ate he ret ic al 
ba rom e ter de lib er ate hex am e ter 
ca non ic al de lin e ate hex an gu lar 



hi lar i ty 
hu man i ty 
hu mid i ty 
hy per bo le 
hy poc ri sy 
i den tic al 
i den ti fy 
il lib er al 
il lit er ate 
im mac u late 
im pet u ous 
in ad e quate 
in an i mate 
in ces sant ly 
in clem en cy 
in cred i bly 

in dec o rous 
in def i nite 
in del i cate 
in dem ni fy 
in die a tive 
in dig ni ty 
in dus tri ous 
in ef fa ble 
in el e gant 
in fal li bly 
in fant i cide 
in fin i ty 
in flex i ble 
in gen u ous 
in grat i tude 
in sen si ble 



(39) 

n sid i ous 
n sin u ate 
n teg ri ty 
n teg u ment 
n tel li gence 
n tern per ate 
n tim i date 
n tract a ble 
n val i date 
n ves ti gate 
n vet er ate 
n vid i ous 
n vig or ate 
n vin ci ble 
r rel a tive 
r rev er ent 

ju rid ic al 
lat in i ty 
lix iv i urn 
Ion gev i ty 
lu cid i ty 
ma lev o lence 
magnanimous 
ma lig ni ty 
mellifluous 
me rid i an 
me tal lur gy 
me thod ic al 
me ton y my 
mi crom e ter 
mil len ni al 
mi rac u lous 



mis cal cu late 
mo ral i ty 
mor tal i ty 
mu nif i cence 
ne ces si ty 
ob lit er ate 
ob liv i on 
oct ag on al 
oct an gu lar 
oct en ni al 
of fen sive ly 
ol fac to ry 
om nip o tent 
or bic u lar 
pa lat in ate 
par ab o la 

pa ren the sis 
par tic u lar 
pe des tri an 
pen in su la 
pent ag on al 
pent am e ter 
per am bu late 
per cept i ble 
per cip i ent 
per en ni al 
per fid i ous 
per im e ter 
per iph e ry 
per pet u al 
per spic u ous 
per plex i ty 



(60) 

pes tif er ous pre pos ter ous re feet o ry 
philanthropy preponderate re fract o ry 
phi lol o gist pri or i ty re fran gi ble 

phi los o pher pre rog a tive re gen er ate 
pi rat ic al pre nom in al re it er ate 
p-lu ral i ty pre oc cu py re lin quish ing 
po lit ic al re spon si ble re mem ber ing 
po lyg a my in cor po rate re pub lie an 
pon tif ic al in form i ty re sus ci tate 
po lar i ty in or din ate re tal i ate 
pos sess o ry prim or din ate re tic u lar 
pos ter i ty sub or din ate re trib u tive 
pre cip i tate un for tu nate re turn a ble 
pre die a ment pre p&r a tive re ver ber ate 
pre em i nent presentiment re vers i ble 
pre med i tate pre var i cate ro tund i ty 

im pSs si ble pro gen i tor sab bat ic al 

im prob a ble pro lix i ty scur ril i ty 

im prov i dent pro mis cu ous sept en ni al 

in com pe tent pro pen si ty se ren i ty 

in con stan cy pro pin qui ty ser vil i ty 

incontinence pros per i ty sig nif i cant 

in oc u late prox im i ty si mil i tude 

in tol er ant quadrangular sin cer i ty 

i ron i cal ra pid i ty so lem ni ty 

3i thog ra phy re al i ty so lid i ty 

li tbot o mist re an i mate so -HI o quy 

ma hog a ny re cep ta cle som nif er ous 

mon op o ly re cip i ent so phist ic al 

or thog raphy re cip ro cate sta bil i ty 

phe nom e non re crim in ate ster il i ty 

pre dom i nate rect an gu lar stu pid i ty 



(_6M 

sub ser vi ent tu miilt u ous ges tic u late 

sub lim i ty ty ran ni cal im per ti nence 

sub til i ty u nan i mous in ter ro gate 

sue ces sive ly un nat u ral nonen ti ty 

su per flu ous va lid i ty nu mer ic al 

su per la tive ve nal i ty ob strep er ous 

su prem a cy ven tril o quist pre cip it ous 

sus cept i ble ve rid ic al sym bol ic al 

sym met ric al ver nac u lar syn on y mous 

te mer i ty ve sic u lar sar coph a gus 

te pid i ty vi cin i ty ge om e try 

ter res tri al vi cis si tude the oc ra cy 

trans fer a ble vi tal i ty the ol o gist 

tri an gu lar vo cal i ty ther mom e ter 

tri en ni al vo cif er ous to pog ra.phy 

trans lu cen cy vul gar i ty ver bos i ty 



TABLE XIII. 

Easy words of four syllables, chief accent on the third, and 
secondary on the first. 

Af fi da vit in no va tor no men cla tor 
an ti cli max in ter fer ence perse ve ranee 
an ti fe brile in ter lo per pre sen sa tion 
ab so lute ness in ter mu ral pro lo cu tor 
ap pa ra tus jurisprudence pro mul ga tor 
commentator me di a tor reg u la tor 
ded i ca tor mod er a tor pros e cu tor 
disagreement par ri ci dal spec u la tor 
ho mo ge nous pec u la tor un as pi ring 
in de co rum nav i ga tor un de cay ing 
in dis creet ly per se cu tor un dis pu ted 



( 62 ) 

ad a man tine in nu en do re per ciir sive 
ad o les eence in of fen sive rep re hen sive 
a ma ranth ine in ter mar ry re tro spec tive 
ante mundane in ter m in gle sac ra ment al 
at ra ment al in ter mit tent sci en tif ic 
ben e fac tor in tu mes ence so bor if ic 
cal or if ic mal e fac tor su dor if ic 
dem o crat ic man i fest o su per car go 
dip lo mat ic man u fac ture superstructure 
dis ad van tage mathematics syc o phant ic 
dis con tent ed memorandum sym pa thet ic 
dis con tin ue mu ri at ic symp torn at ic 
dis in her it oc ci dent al the o crat ic 
ef flo rescence o ce an ic tho o ret ic 
em blem at ic o ri ent al un der val ue 
ep i dem ic or na ment al un for giv ing 
e van es cent pan e gyr ic metamorphose 
ev er last ing par a lyt ic nonconform ist 
fun da ment al pat ro nym ic con tra die tion 
hy dro stat ic ped o bap tist his tri on ic 
in ci dent ai pred e ces sor met a phor ic 
in con sist ent pet ri fac tive e co nom ic 
incorrectness pol y an thus par e gor ic 
independence re as sem ble phil o soph ic 
in di rect ly re im burs ed dis a vow al 



TABLE XIV. 

Easy words of four syllables y chief accent on the fourth, j 
and the secondary accent on the first. 

Su per in dice su per a bound mul ti pli cand 
charioteer misapprehend superintend 
el e cam pane mis rep re sent a voir du pois 
an i mad vert misunderstand an te pe nfilt 



(63) 

TABLE XV. 

Plain words of five syllables, chief accent on the third, and 
minor accent on the first. 



Ac ri mo ni ous 
am bi gu i ty 
am phi the a tre 
ap o the o sis 
as si du i ty 
as tro lo gi an 
con tu me li ous 
cer e mo ni al 
del e te ri ous 
dis o be di ent 
ep i cu re an 



ex com mu ni cate 
hy dro pho bi a 
im ma te ri al 
im me mo ri al 
im por tu ni ty 
im pro pri e ty 
in con so la ble 
in cor po re al 
in ere du li ty 
in de cli na ble 
in dis pu ta ble 
in ex pe di ent 
in ge nu i ty 
in se cu ri ty 
in stan ta ne ous 
in sup port a ble 
in ter change a bly 



in ter me di ate 
ir re fu ta ble 
jus ti fi a ble 
mat ri mo ni al 
mer i to ri ous 
min is te ri al 
mis eel la ne ous 
mul ti fa ri ous 
op por tu ni ty 
or a to ri o 
pat ri mo ni al 

per pe tu i ty 
per spi cu i ty 
pres by te ri an 
pri mo ge ni al 
sane ti mo ni ous 
sen a to ri al 
si mul ta ne ous 
sub ter ra ne ous 
su per flu i ty 
tes ti mo ni al 
ter ri to ri al 
un de ni a ble 
in con ceiv a ble 
ir re triev a ble 
ir re claim a bly 
ir re proach a ble 
ac a dem ic al 



[ ( 


64 ) 


ac ci d£nt al ly 


in com btis ti ble 


af fa bil i ty 


in com pat i ble 


al pha bet ic al 


in com press i ble 


el e ment a ry 


in con sid er ate 


ar gu ment a tive 


in con sist en cy 


an a lyt ic al 


in con test a bly 


a the ist ic al 


in cor rupt i ble 


car a van sa ry 


in de struct i ble 


con tra diet o ry 


in di gest i ble 


cir cum nav i gate 


in dis crim in ate 


/ cor di al i ty 


in dis pen sa ble 


di a met ric al 


in di vid u al 


du ra bil i ty 


in ef feet u al 


e qua nim i ty 


in e qual i ty 


e qui lat er al 


in fi del i ty 


e qui lib ri um 


in ex press i ble 


e van gel ic al 


in hu man i ty 


gen e al o gy 


in sig nif i cant 


ge o graph ic al 


in sin cer i ty 


hos pi tal i ty 


in sip id i ty 


hy dro ceph a lus 


in sta bil i ty 


hy per crit ic al 


in tel lect u al 


hy po thet ic al 


in ter diet o ry 


ig no min i ous 


in tre pid i ty 


il le git i mate 


in tro duct o ry 


im be cil i ty 


in val id i ty 


im mo ral i ty 


ir re frag a bly 


im uxor tal i ty 


lib er al i ty 


im per cept i ble 


mag na nim i ty 


in ac ces si ble 


math e mat i cal 


in ar tic u late 


man u fac to ry 


in ci vil i ty 


min e ral o gy 



( 


65) 


mon o syl la ble 


an a mor pho sis 


mil ta bil i ty 


met a mor pho sis 


or tho graph ic al 


u ni form i ty 


par al lei o gram 


a er ol o gy 


par ti cip i al 


al le gor ic al 


per pen die u lar 


an a torn ic al 


per son al i ty 


an i mos i ty 


pol y pet a lous 


ar is toe ra cy 


pop u lar i ty 


as tro nom ic al 


pol y syl la ble 


cat e gor ic al 


pos si bil i ty 


cu ri os i ty 


punc tu al i ty 


deu ter on o my 


pu sil Ian i mous 


e co nom ic al 


pyr a mid ic al 


et y mol o gy 


quad ri lat er al 


gen er os i ty 


rec ti lin e ar 


hip po pot a mus 


reg u lar i ty 


hor i zon tal ly 


sa tis fac to ry 


hyp o con dri ac 


sen si bil i ty 


in ter rog a tive 


&en su al i ty 


lex i cog ra pher 


sin gu lar i ty 


me di oc ri ty 


su per em i nent 


me tro po li tan 


su per nat u ral 


or a tor ic al 


sup pie ment a ry 


os te ol o gy 


syl lo gist ic al 


par a dox ic al 


ta" ci turn i ty 


pe ri od ic al 


tes ta ment a ry 


phi lo soph ic al 


typ o graph ic al 


trig o nom e try 


un e quiv o cal 


un a vdid a ble 


val e die to ry 


in sur mount a ble 


ver sa til i ty 


un ac count a ble 



f2 



( 66 


) 


TABLE XVI. 


PloAn words of five syllables, 


the chief accent on the se- 


cond, and minor accent on the fifth. 


Ab ste mi ous ness 


in dif fer ent ly 


J de plo ra ble ness 


in dis so lu ble 


I im pe ri ous ness 


in ef fi ca cy 


com mu ni ca tive 


in es ti ma ble 


in du bi ta ble 


in'ev it a bly 


in ge ni ous ]y 


in ex o ra ble 


in nu me ra ble 


in ex pli ca ble 


in su per a ble 


in im i ta ble 


in va ri a bly 


in sep a ra ble 


ma te ri al ly 


in suf fer a ble 


no to ri ous ly 


in tel li.gi ble 


un favor a ble 


in val u a ble 


con fed e ra cy 


in vul ner a ble 


de lib er a tive 


las civ i ous ness 


$ quiv o cal ly 


le git i ma cy 


e vent u al ly 


sep ten tri on al 


her met ic al ly 


un char it a ble 


il lus tri ous ly 


a bom in a ble 


im pen e tra ble 


au thor i ta tive 


im per ish a ble 


cor rob or a tive 


im prac ti ca ble 


im mod er ate ly 


in ac cu ra cy 


in cor ri gi ble 


in ap pli ca ble 


in hos pi ta ble 


in cal cu la ble 


in tol er a bly 


in del i ca cy 


pre pos ter ous ly 



(67) 




THE LITTLE SAWYER, FRANK LUCAS. 

Mrs. Corbon kept a village school in the state of 
New-York. She had a noble mind and was a friend 
to all good children. One cold morning in the winter, 
a small boy came along, with a saw on his arm, and 
wanted this lady to hire him to saw wood. She said, 
one of her neighbours, a trusty man, would like to saw 
the wood, and she did not wish to hire any body else. 

" O dear," said the boy, " what shall I do ?" " Why, 
little fellow," said she, " what is the matter ?" He an- 
swered, "my father is blind, mother is sick, and I left 
my sister crying at home, for fear poor ma will die." 



__) 

TABLE XVII. 

Plain words of five syllables, the chief accent on the se- 
cond, and minor accent on the fourth. 

In fil ri a ted 



pro cu ra to ry 
pro pri e ta ry 
au then ti ca ted 
con tem po ra ry 
ex clam a to ry 
ex plan a to ry 
ex tem po ra ry 
he red it a ry 
in cen di a ry 
in flam ma to ry 



pro hib it o ry 
pre lim in a ry 
pre par a to ry 
stip en di a ry 
sub sid i a ry 
vo cab u la ry 
vo lup tu a ry 
ad mon i to ry 
a poth e ca ry 
con sol a to ry 
in vol un ta ry 



The following words have the chief accent on the fourth 
syllable. 



Ad min is tra tor 
ca lum ni a tor 
cir cum lo cu tor 
de nom in a tor 
ne go ti a tor 
a man u en sis 
an ti pa thet ic 



an ti sple net ic 
cir cum fe ren ter 
di a pho ret ic 
ex per i ment al 
hi er glyph ic 
su per a bun dant 
su per in tend ent 



I take care of them as well as I can, but they have 
nothing to eat. I want to work and get something for 
them." Mrs. Corbon had never seen this lad before, 
and did not know what his name was, till he told her : 
but she perceived he was a boy of uncommon good- 
ness, because he was so kind to his parents and sister. 
He shivered very much with the cold ; for he was but 
thinly drest, and his ear locks were white with frost. 
The lady asked him to come in and warm himself. 



(69) 



TABLE XVIII. 

Plain woTids of six syllables, chief accent on the fourth, and 
minor accent on the first. 

An te di hi vi an par a pher na li a 

dis ci pli na ri an ar is to crat ic al 

het e ro ge ne ous an te me rid i an 

me di a to ri al gen er al is si mo 

As he sat in a chair by the fire, she saw the tears 
run down his cheeks, and she tried to comfort him. 
" It is not for myself," said Frank, " that I cry. I don't 
mind a little cold; but I can't help thinking of the 
family at home. We used to be very happy ; but a 
sad change has happened in our house." "Are you not 
hungry," said Mrs. Corbon ?" Not much ma'am: that 
is not what troubles me. I had some potato for dinner 
yesterday." "Did you not have supper last night?" 
" No, ma'am." " Nor breakfast, this morning ?" " Not 
yet : but no matter : I shall get some by and by. If I 
try to do well, God will protect me : for so my precious 
mother says. I believe she is the best woman in the 
world. If I did not think she was, I would not say so." 
" You are a brave lad," said the lady, " I will be your 
friend, if you have not an other on earth ;" and the tears 
sparkled in her eyes as she gave him a biscuit w T ith a 
piece of meat, on a small plate. " Thank you, ma'am," 
said Frank • " if you please, I will keep them to carry 
home. Don't you think, ma'am, that any body will 
hire me to saw wood ?" " Yes, my dear little fellow," 
she answered, " I will give you money to saw mine." 
He thanked her again, and ran to the wood pile to 
begin his work. The lady put on her cloak and went 
out among her neighbours. 



(70) 



hi er o glyph ie al 
sem i di am e ter 
su per in ten den cy 
trig o no met ric al 
in stru ment al i ty 



his to ri 6g ra pher 
im pet u os i ty 
in fe ri or i ty . 
unphilo soph ical 
su pe ri or i ty 



Minor accent on the second syllable. 



Ex tem po ra ne ous 
un cer e mo ni ous 
in vol un ta ri ly 
un ne ces sa ri ly 
dis sim i lar i ty 
ex per i ment al ly 



in con tro vert i ble 
in cred i bil i ty 
in flex i bil i ty 
in com pre hen si ble 
ir reg u lar i ty 
ma te ri al i ty 



Chief accent on the third syllable, and minor accent on the 
first and fifth. 

Su per mi me ra ry ex tra or di na ry 
rec om men da to ry in ter loc u to ry 
su per an nu a ted in ter rog a to ry 

She told them Frank wa& one of the best boys she 
had ever seen, and hoped they would do something 
to help the little fellow to provide for the family. So 
they came to her house, where he was, and one gave 
him a six cent piece, another a shilling, and a third 
twenty-five cents, till they made up nearly three dol- 
lars. They presented him a loaf of bread, part of a 
cheese, some meat and cake, a jug of milk, and some 
apples to roast for his sick mother, with a snug basket 
to put them all in : so that he had as much as he could 
carry. He told them he was very much obliged to them 
indeed ; but he did not wish to be a beggar. He chose 
to work and pay for what he had, if they would let 
him : but they said he must not stay now. He might 
see to that an other time. 



( 71 ) 

Chief accent on the second syllable. 

Con grit u la to ry re ver be ra to ry 
con cil i a to ry ex pos tu la to ry 

Minor accent on the first and last syllable, chief accent on 
the third. 

In stan tk ne ous ly dis in gen u ous ly 

cer e mo ni ous ly hy po crit ic al ly 

ma gis te ri al ly ille git i ma cy 

mer i to ri ous ly in de fat i ga ble 

ir re me di a ble ig no min i ous ly 

dis o be di ent ly in con sid er ate ly 

cir cum nav i ga ble math e mat ic al ly 

di a met ric al ly di a bol ic al ly 

Accent on the first, third, and fifth syllables. 

An ti trin i ta ri an in com pat i bil i ty 
an ti min is te ri al im ma te ri al i ty 
val e tu di na ri an in cor rupt i bil i ty 

"We are going," said Mrs. Corbon, "to send the 
things to your mother ; because she is such an excellent 
lady, and I should like to go and see her myself." Frank j 
hurried back, tugging his load, and the whole family 
cried for joy. " Bless your dear little heart," said his 
poor blind father ; " come here and let me get hold of 
you. I hope, my son, you will never be unable to see 
the friends you love : but we must not complain, nor 
forget the favors we receive, because we cannot have 
every thing as we wish. My dear wife, a blessing has 
| come upon us all for the sake of our dutiful child. He 
is one of nature's noblemen. His badges are not a 
star and ribbon ; but a head and heart." The good 
man raised his hands in prayer, and thanked the 
Creator of the world for giving him so hopeful a son. 



(72) 

TABLE XX. 

Words of two syllables, accented on the first. — This selec- 
tion is chiefly of plain words, though generally more 
difficult than those of Table 3. 

A corn b6at swain cli mate 
a gue bow sprit close ness 

aid ance 
a pish 



a pron 
a cre # 
an gel # 
bailiff 
bea con 



brace let 

breed ing 

bri die 

bright ness cray on 

bro ken cy cle 



cloth ing 
co hort 
co ving 



d^ing 
ea gle 
east ward 
ea sy 
e diet 
eve ning 
e vil 
fa cing 
fail ing 
fa mous 
fear less 
fee ble 



brew er cy press 
bu gle dain ty 

dai sy 
cam bric # dan ger # 
cham ber # day book 
cheap ness deep ness fi ber # 
child hood do tage fi nite 
ci pher dray man 
claim ant drea ry 
clear ance dry ness 
cleav er du ranee 



fire wood 
flee cy 
flo rist 
fo cal 



beard less ca dence 

beast ly 

bea ver 

bee hive 

be som 

blind fold 

board er 

boast er 

boat man 

It is thirty years since this affair happened, and the 
same Frank Lucas is now a judge, and one of the first 
men in the country where he lives. His father is at 
rest. Twenty summers the bell-flower has bloomed 
on his peaceful grave. His mother has grown very 
old and feeble, and can just walk about the house, 
leaning on her staff. She still lives with her son. He 
says it will be but a short time before this revered pa- 
rent must be called away to her eternal home : but 
while her life is spared, it shall be his delight to make 
her last days happy. He often says, " I should have 
been a poor wretch, if it had not been for the early 
care of my kind mother. M 



(73) 



fd cus 
fra grant 
free dom 
fro ward 
game ster 

gaily 
grace ful 
grea sy 
gree dy 
grindstone 
hast en 
has ty 
hay mow 
heal ing 
hear say 
hind most 



li cense 
light ning 
like wise 
lime stone 
li ver # 
lo cust 
lone ly 
lu cre # 
ly ing 
ma pie 
ma son 
ma tron # 
maid en 
man ger # 
man gy # 
mea sles 



6 nyx 
pain ful 
paint ing 
pasteboard 
past ry 
pa tron # 
pay ment 
pave ment 
peace ful 
pea cock 
peer less 
pe trol 
phe nix 
pi ous 
plu mage 
por ter 



si lence 
si phon 
sleep er 
state ment 
steam boat 
steel yard 
stran ger 
teach er 
to ken 
to wards 
tri pod 
tri glyph 
tri umph 
tro phy 
tues day 
tu nic 



This good old lady talks very sensibly about the dif- 
ferent scenes she has passed through in life. She has 
been rich, and then very poor, and now is rich again, 
in having so excellent a son. She is like a living his- 
tory of the years that are gone, and the changes which 
have taken place, in this favoured nation, since she 
was a little child, and she now seems only waiting for 
her Redeemer to call her to that bright world where 
the souls of the righteous dwell, and where all is joy 
and peace. 

Judge Lucas is married to a charming lady, and has 
live children. They go to school; and their father 
tells them that if they intend ever to be useful, they 
must learn well while they are young ; if they expect 
to be blest, in this world, or the next, they must love 
God ; honor their parents and teachers, and be kind to 
all ; and that in this free country, the way for a poor 
little boy to become a great and happy man, is, to be 
honest, industrious and good. 



(74) 




THE GRAPE VINE. 

Mr. and Mrs. Halyard were two very sensible and 
good persons who lived on a farm in New- Jersey. 
They had four children. Their names were Charles, 
Jack, Mary and Betsey. These children had a pet 
lamb that was called Ammon. 

There was a large grape vine that ran up an oak 
tree, in a meadow, about half a mile from Mr. Hal- 
yard's house. The vine hung full of grapes, in large 
clusters. When they were ripe and very fine, Jack 
asked leave of his mother and invited his sisters to go 
there with him, one fair day, and get some. The little 
girls were so pleased with going that they were ready 
in two minutes. 



(75) 



migh ty 


por trait 


twi light 


mi ser 


prai ne 


ty rant 


mi ter # 


pray er 


u nit 


mo hair 


preach er 


u nm 


mu sic 


rain bow 


u sage 


name sake 


reap er 


use ful 


neat ness 


re gion 


vain ly 


nee die 


ri fle 


vice roy 


ncu ter 


right ly 


vi tal 


ni ter # 


ro gwish 


wait er 


no tice 


roll er 


waist band 


nm sance 


ruth less 


weak ness 


oat meal 


sa ber # 


wea se\ 


o gle 


sa chem 


wea ver 


on ly 


se cant 


tun ting 


own er 


se quel 


year ling 



hy drant 
hy phen 
hy son 
ja cinth 
jew el 
jui cy 
julap 
keen ness 
keepsake 
key stone 
kind ness 
kite foot 
kites foot 
la die 
lame ness 
lee ward 



Their mother smiled to see them go off so brisk and 
happy, and so affectionate to each other. Little birds, 
she said to herself, as they went out through the gate, 
they have no trouble nor care. 

Ammon ran playfully along after the children, and 
Mary said they could let him go as well as not. Jack 
let down the bars for the girls, and the lamb skipped 
through with them. 

When little Betsy came under the vine, and saw 
the great bunches of grapes over her head, she jumped 
and hollowed, "O! O ! O ! I never did see such a 
sight, in all my life. What a parcel ! O, I wish my 
ma was here to see this grape tree." 

The pet lamb cared nothing about fine grapes ; but 
seeing Betsey so overjoyed, seemed to think she was 
playing with him. He began to hop up and down 
too, and they both jumped and capered very much 
alike. 



(76) 



ab bey 
ab sence 
ac tor 
ac tive 
ad dice 
ad verse 
ag ate 
al mond 
am ber 
am bush 
an them 
an swer 
an ise 
apt ness 
ast/& ma 
bag gage 



can vass 
cap tain 
car nage 
cas t]e 
cen sus 
cen ter* 
cen trai 
cer tain 
chal lenge 
chap man 
cher ish 
cher ub 
chest nut 
chim ney 
chis el 
cis tern 



dan dy 
das tard 
del uge 
dis taff 
dis tant 
drib let 
duck ling 
dwell ing 
dwin die 
ec logwe 
em press 
em pire 
emp ty 
en gine 
en sign 
es cort 



gMst ly 
gin seng 
gran he 
grid die 
gris tie 
gud geon 
gwin ea 

gyp m 

gyp sum 
hag gard 
ham mock 
hand some 
har ass 
hatch el 
hatch et 
haz ard 



The grapes were indeed exceedingly fine. Mary 
said they were nearly as large as robins' eggs, almost 
as sweet as honey, and that she had never tasted any 
half as good. The color was dark purple, inclining to 
blue. The vine ran over the whole of the tree. 

Jack climbed up among the branches* and the girls 
held their aprons to catch the beautiful clusters, as he 
threw them down, till they both got their aprons heap- 
ing full. Then he scrambled down to the lower limb, 
and jumped from that to the ground. 

" Now girls," said he, " 1 will tell you what we will 
do. We will spread these grapes, on this clean grass, 
and sort them, and pick out the very best bunches to 
carry home to pa and ma." " O yes*" said Mary, " that 
is right : so we will." 

" Yes, brother Jack," said little Betsey, " you are 
a good boy." She was pleased about giving the best 
grapes to her father and mother, though the little par- 
rot could hardly speak all her words plain. 



( 77 ) 



bap tist 
bap tism 
bar rack 
bed lam 
bed post 
ber yl 
black ing 
blud gcon 
brick kiln 
bris tie 
fyuck et 
buck ram 
bulb ous 
bur dock 
bus tie 
cab bage 



cler gy 
clev y 
cres cent 
crev ice 
crim son 
crys tal 
cud gel 
cun ning 
cus tard 
cut lass 
cyn ic 
dam age 
dam ask 
dam sel 
dam son 
dan druff 



es sence 
ex it 
fam ine 
fash ion 
fer ret 
fer vent 
fes cue 
fig ure 
fil bert 
flas ket 
frus trate 
gam bol 
gam mon 
gas trie 
gen tile 
gent ly 



Ms band 
hys sop* 
im age 
im pulse 
in jure 
in quest 
in road 
in sigM 
in stance 
in voice 
isth mus 
jack daw 
jus tice 
just ness 
ker nel 
ker sey 



" They will be glad," said Jack, " to see that we 
think so much about them." " Yes," said Mary ; " and 
an other thing ; let us agree never to quarrel and be 
cross to each other. 

" If you see me get angry, and act foolishly, do you 
tell me of it, so that I may leave it off, and behave bet- 
ter ; and I will do the same with you ; because it is very 
bad for brothers and sisters to dispute : and you know 
father and mother are always pleased when they see 
us kind to each other." 

" Yes, I know that," said Jack : " We can never 
pay our parents all we owe them, for being so good to 
us ; but we ought to do all we can, to make them hap- 
py, and keep up the credit of our family." The little 
girls both said they would try with all their might. 

" Yes," said Jack, " that i& what all good children 
should do. When I get to be a great man, pa and ma 
will be old gray-headed people, and have wrinkles in 



g2 



(78) 



kid ney 
kitch en 
lack ey 
land mark 
land scape 
Ian tern 
latch et 
lat tiee 
lax ness 
leg ate 
lep rous 
let tuce 
linch pin 
lin tel 
lis ten 
lus ter # 



mils cle 
mus tard 
muz zle 
mys tie 
neck lace 
nes tie 
nig gard 
nurs ling 
nut meg 
pam phlet 
pan dect 
pan ther 
pass port 
pas tern 
pen ance 
pen cil 



pub lish 
pud die 
pum ice 
pun cheon 
pun gent 
pur chase 
pur pie 
pur pose 
purs lain 
puz zle 

pygmy 

quib* ble 
quick ness 
quin sey 
quiv er 
rab bin 



res cue 
res in 
res pite 
rib aid 
rich es 
rick ets 
rid dance 
rip pie 
ris en 
rub bish 
ruffle 
rus tic 
rush y 
sab bath 
sad ler 
sad ness 



their faces, like old Mr. Young and his wife ; and then 
I intend to take care of them.'" 

When they carried home the grapes to their mother, 
Mary said, " did you ever, in your life, .ma, taste any 
thing so good ?" " They are very fine indeed, my 
dear," said Mrs. Halyard. " We picked out all the 
best, ma, " said Mary, u for you and pa." "Ah, my 
children," said their mother, "then I shall tell your 
father of that good action when he comes, and he will 
like the grapes very much." 

u Ma," said Jack, "are not grapes very wholesome to 
eat ?" " Yes, my son," said she, u most kinds of fruit are 
wholesome, if they are ripe, and eaten little at a time. 

" The best things may become hurtful, when taken 
to excess; and children frequently make themselves 
sick, with good things, by being too greedy. To be 
sure people must eat, in order to live ; but I wish my 
children always to remember that eating is not the 
chief thing they are to live for." 



(79) 



Ids tring* 
mal ice 
mar riage 
mat tock 
mat tress 
med ley 
mer chant 
mer maid 
meth od 
mid dling 
mid night 
milk pail 
mill stone 
muf fle 
mul len 
mur rain 



per jure 
phal anx 
phan torn 
phren sy 
phys ic 
pick ax 
pil grim 
pin cers 
pitch fork 
plan tain 
plat form 
pref ace 
pres ence 
prim rose 
prin cess 
pris on 



rab ble 
rack et 
rad ish 
raffle 
rank ness 
ran sack 
ran som 
ras cal 
rav age 
rav el 
reck on 
rec ord 
red den 
ren ard 
ren net 
rep tile 



saffron 
sa/m on 
satch el 
sav age 
scab bard 
scaffold 
scan dal 
scant ling 
seep ter # 
scis sors 
scram ble 
scuffle 
scur vy 
sec ond 
selv age 
sen ate 



He who made us, is all powerful, wise r and just It 
is his law that all things here shall pass away. 

All the people in the world must die. Their bodies 
turn to dust : fhey were made of dust : but our souls 
will never die. God breathed them into us, and they 
partake of his divine nature. Our souls will go to an 
other worlds to be punished if we have been wicked ; 
and if we have been good, to enjoy everlasting bliss. 
You will not stay long in this world. It is only to try 
you, and prepare you for a better one. 

We are all passing rapidly through the present scene. 
We are all wanderers ' on the earth ; our journeys 
through this world are drawing to a ^lose. It is a 
cheering thought to the good, in the hour of death, to 
know that they are going home to the Father and 
Redeemer of their souls. He is a kind Parent, and 
has said he will not forsake those who put their trust 
in him. His word is true. 





( 


80 ) 




sen tence 


spin ning 


tal mud 


tiir bot 1 


ser aph 


stel lar 


tan $y 


tur gid 1 


ser pent 


stic kle 


tank ard 


tur key 1 


ser vice 


strag gle 


tan yard 


tur ret 1 


sex tant 


stric kle 


tap ster 


tur tie 1 


shac kle 


strict ly 


tar iff 


twen ty 1 


shek el 


strip ling 


tav ern 


twink ling 1 


shelv ing 


strug gle 


tat tier 


twit ter 1 


shep herd 


stub born 


tern pest 


tym pan 1 


sher iff 


stuff ing 


tern pie 


um bel 


sher ry 


stur geon 


tempt er 


un cle 


shipwreck 


sub stance ten et 


up land 


shut tie 


sub tile 


ten nis 


up roar 


sic kle 


su6 tie 


trep id 


up wards 


sick ness 


suck ling 


ter race 


ur chin 


sin ew 


suf frage 


tex tile 


ush er 


six teen 


sun day 


thank ful 


ut most 


skill fill 


sur face 


thatch er 


vac cine 


skim mer 


sur feit 


thick et 


val et 


slat tern 


sur geon 


thrift less 


val ley 


slav er 


swell ing 


tick et 


val ue 


slip shod 


swel ter 


til lage 


ven geance 


sliv er 


swim mer 


trac tile 


ver dant 


slug gard 


swind ler 


traf fie 


verjuice 


smug gler 


syl van 


tran script 


ves per 


snaf fle 


symp torn 


trav erse 


ves tige 


spav in 


syn od 


trench er 


vest ment 


spec kle 


syn tax 


tres pass 


vest ry 


spec ter* 


syringe 


trib ute 


vil lage 


splen did 


sys tern 


trip ping 


vil lain 


spendthrift tack ling 


tuck er 


vine yard # 


spin die 


tac tics 


turn bier 


vint age 



(81) 



vint ner 
vis age 
vul ture 
wag on 
wag gish 
wed ding 
wel fare 
wel come 
west era 
west ward 
whis per 
whiffle 
whim per 
whip lash 
will ful 
wim ble 



kwn ing 
aw ful 
awk ward 
bal sam 
braw ny 
cau cus 
cause way 
da,ugh ter 
draw ing 
false hood 
fal ter 
fault y 
fau cet 
gau dy 
haugh ty 
hawk er 



slaugh ter 
tall ness 
thral dom 
tau rus 
tau dry 
taw ny 
wal nut 
war den 
war fare 
warn ing 
want ing 
warm ing 
wat er 
bor der 
cord age 
cor ner 



lord ship 
mor bid 
morn ing 
mor sel 
mor tal 
mor tar 
mor/ gage 
mor tise 
or bit 
or chard 
ord nance 
or gan 
or phan 
por pus 
scorn ful 
short ness 



win ning 
wind lass 
wish ful 
wit ness 
wiz ard 
zeph yr 
al der 
al most 
al so 
all spice 
al ways 
au burn 
au dit 
au lie 
aus pice 
au tumn 



haw thorn 
lau rel 
laun dress 
law ful 
law smt 
law yer 
mauk ish 
na.ugh ty 
pau per 
plau dit 
pssl ter 
raw ness 
sau cer 
sau cy 
sau sage 
saw yer 



corn field sor did 



cor nice 
cor sair 
cors let 
dor mant 
for feit 
for mal 
for tress 
form less 
for ty 
for ward 
gorge ous 
gor gon 
hor net 
horse man 
lord ling 



stor my 
tor ment 
tor pid 
tor sel 
vortex 
pal frey 
pal try 
squab ble - 
squad ron 
squal id 
swad dling 
swab ber 
swam py 
wad die 
wal let 



(82) 



will lop 

vval low 
warn ble 
wan ness 
wan der 
wan ton 
war rant 
wasp ish 
watchword 
watch man 
bios som 
blockhead 
bob bin 
bod ice 
bod kin 
bom bast 

bond age 
bond man 
bon fire 
bon net 
bot torn 
chop per 
clos et 
coc kle 
cof fee 
coffin 
col ic 
col lege 
col um/r 
com bat 
com ic 
commerce 



com pact 
com pend 
con cord 
con duct 
con flux 
con script 
con trite 
con vex 
cop per 
cos set 
cost ly 
cot tage 
crotch et 
doc trine 
dor ic 
drop sy 

flor id 
fond ness 
fop pish 
for age 
for eign 
fos sil 
fos ter 
frol ic 
glos sy 
gob lin 
god dess 
gos lin 
gog gle 
gos pel 
gos sip 
grog ram 



grot to 
hob ble 
horn age 
hos tile 
hov el 
joe key 
joe und 
jog gle 
lodg ing 
log book 
loz enge 
mod ern 
monstrous 
mot ley 
mot to 
non plus 

non sense 
nos trum 
non suit 
nov ice 
ob long 
oc tave 
odd ly 
office 
off spring 
oft en 
ol ive 
on ward 
op tics 
or ange 
pol ish 
pol len 



pom pous 
pop lar 
pop gun 
por ridge 
pot tage 
prob lem 
prod uct 
prog ress 
prompt er 
prov erb 
quon dam 
rob in 
rock et 
scof fer 
scol lop 
soft en 

sol ace 
sol emn 
sol stice 
sot tish 
spon dee 
stock ing 
stop page 
top ic 
tor rent 
trol lop 
trop ic 
vol ley 
vol ume 
yon der 
Srch er 
arc tie 



(83) 



Ay dent 
art ful 
ar gent 
ar gue 
arm pit 
art ist 
art less 
ba/m y 
bar ber 
bar gain 
bark er 
bar rack 
bar ter 
ca/m ness 
car case 



Mrd ness 
hard ship 
harm less 
har ness 
harsh ness 
harts horn 
har vest 
jar gon 
rep dice 
lar board 
lard er 
lar gess 
mar ble 
mar gin 
mar ket 



car go marl pit 



car nage 
car pet 
cart ridge 
char coal 
charm ing 
char ter 
dark ness 
dar ling 
farm er 
gar den 
gar land 
gar gle 
gar lie 
gar ment 
gar nish 
gar ter 



mar quis 
marsh y 
mar tyr 
mar vel 
mas ter 
par boil 
par eel 
par ley 
pars ley 
par snip 
par son 
part ridge 
part ner 
sar casm 
scar let 
sharp ness 



spar kle 
spar ry 
star board 
star ling 
star light 
star tie 
tar dy 
tar nish 
tart ness 
var let 
var nish 
yard stick 
datmt less 
gawnt let 
jawn dice 
vawnt ing 

bloom y 
boo by 
cool ness 
coop er 
droop er 
fool ish 
fools cap 
gloom y 
loose ly 
loose en 
loose ness 
moo dv 
moon light 
moon rise 
moor ing 
oo zy 



poor ly 
poor ness 
room y 
roost er 
spoon ful 
book ish 
book worm 
foot ball 
foot hold 
foot man 
foot stool 
good ly 
good ness 
hood wink 
wood en 
wood land 

wool len 
bul let 
bul lock 
bul rush 
bush el 
butch er 
cuck oo 
cush ion 
ful ler 
full ness 
pud ding 
pul let 
pul ly 
pul pit 
b6il er 
choice ly 





(84) 




cl6is ter 


doufa ful downward 


]ix ror 1 


coin age 


floun der drow ^y 


ma jor 1 


coin er 


found ling pow der 


may or 1 


joint ed 


found er pow er 


mi nor 1 


joint ly 


hour glass prow ess 


mo tor 


join er 


house hold row el 


ru mor 


loi ter 


house less row en 


sail or 


moist en 


hous ing tow el 


sa vor 


noi sy 


moun tain trow el 


sav ior 


oil y 


out cast town ship 


sa por 


oint ment 


out law cir cle # 


se2g-n ior 


poign ant 


out rage cir clet 


sen ior 


point er 


out ward cir cuit 


squa lor 


poi son 


pound age cir cus 


stu por 


spoil er 


round ish dir ty 


ta bor 


toil et 


round ly fir kin 


tai lor 


boy ish 


scoun drel firm ly 


trai tor 


coy ly 


scour er firm ness 


tu mor 


joy ful 


sound ings gir die 


vi sor 


loy-al 


sound ness skir mish 


&1 gor 


oy er 


sour ness squir rel 


an chor 


oys ter 


blow zy vir gin 


bet tor 


roy al 


bow els vir tue 


cam phor 


1: voy age 


bow er h chor # 


cen sor 


bound less 


cow ard ere mor 


ces sor 


1 boun ty 


cow slip do lor 


clan gor 


bound ing 


dow er fe tor 


de&t or 


coun cil 


dow las flu or 


doc tor 


count er 


down cast fra gor 


er ror 


coun ty 


down fall h\x mor 


fer vor 


cloud y 


down hill i chor 


how or 


dou&t less 


drow sy ju nior 


hor ror 



(85) 



THE TWO MEN AND THEIR BARLEY. 

A number of years ago, two neighbors, in a new 
settled part of the country, were travelling together, 
each with a load of barley to carry to the malt house. 
At that place, the barley was to be inspected, and, if 
found good, to be kiln-dried and converted to malt 
for the making of beer. 

For a considerable distance, these travellers found 
their ride more pleasant than they had expected. 
They conversed, in a social manner, on different sub- 
jects, as the various streams, cleared farms, and cot- 
tages, they passed; and, among other things, related 
the various opinions they had heard concerning the 
malt house to which they were going. 

As they advanced, doubts began to arise in their 
minds respecting the course they should take ; as the 
country was hilly, and different paths were seen, which 
appeared to lead in the same general direction. The 
travellers had examined the geography and maps ; but 
neither of them had ever passed that way before. 

After the best information they could get, they 
came, at last, to a fork of the roads, where they found 
themselves unable to agree. One said the right hand, 
the other the left, he felt confident, was * he proper 
course,; and, finally, each took his own way, in the 
firm belief that his neighbor was wrong. 

As it happened, both the men arrived at the malt 
house, nearly at the same time. Their meeting was 
unexpected to both ; and they still wished to know 
which of the two roads was best ; but, on inquiry they 
found that, though there were different ways, and it 
was of some consequence for travellers to make a wise 
choice, yet the main question at that place was, not 
which one of a dozen roads they came, but whether 
their barley was good. 



H 



(86) • _ 

TABLE XXL 

Plain words of two syllables, accent on the second. 

Unaccented syllable, long, 

A chi^ve be reave de mean re mkin 

a float be smear de tain re peal 

a gain be speak hu mane re proach 

afraid bezoar maintain restraint 

a main bo hea por tray re tain 

a vail &e ceit pre vail re treat 

be lief de ceive re ceive re veal 

be lieve de claim re lease ve neer 

be moan de feat re lief do main 




THE APIARY. 

Children should try to know all they can about 
every useful thing :which they see around them. Many 
children know what bees are, and that the good honey 
they sometimes eat is made by the bees. The place, 
or small house, where the bees are kept by farmers, 
and people in the country, is called an apiary. 



(87 ) 



ac quaint 
ac crue 
an neal 
ar ray 
af ford 
ap peal 
ap pear 
ap proach 
ar rear 
as sail 
at tain 
block ade 
blaspheme 
com plain 
con ceal 
con ceit 
con geal 
con strain 
con trol 



Unaccented Syllable mostly short, 

dis claim sub diie re tdrn 

un due a dorn 

ven due a long 

sus tain a ward 

be fit de bauch 

cabal de fault 

ca det de fraud 

ca nal de form 

de mur fore warn 



dis dain 
en croach 
en dear 
en tail 
en treat 
gen teel 
im brue 
im bue 
im mire 



im peach di gest 

in crease di van 

mis deed 

mis place 

ob tain 

or dain 

per ceive 

per tain 

pur sue 



de press pro long 
re call 



e clipse 
forth with 
la ment 
pro fess 
re cur 
re lapse 
re spect 



re form 
re morse 
re ward 
a 16ft 
be yond 
de spond 
a filr 
a larm 



Apiary means bee-house. It is a low shed with a 
wide bench, or floor under it, raised above the ground. 
They place a hive or small house for each family of 
bees on this bench. 

The bees are wonderful little creatures, they are 
almost as small as a fly. They are insects. Now chil- 
dren, I will tell you what they can do. These skilful 
insects get among the little inside stems of flowers, 
called stamens, perhaps, in a lily, or rose, and roll 
themselves till they are covered with pollen, or fine 
dust which grows on the inner leaves ; then scraping 
it off with their hind legs, they make it into a wad as 
large as they can carry, and fly away with it to their 
store house. 



(88) 



a part 
de bark 
de bar 
de mand 
de part 
fore cast 
re mark 
re tard 
a loof 
be hoove 
sa loon 
a drdit 
a noint 
a void 
cy cloid 
de coy 



re count 
be ware 
de dare 
de spair 
pre pare 
re pair 
ad dress 
ad judge 
ag gress 
as cend 
as sent 
as sist 
at tack 
as sert 
col lapse 
dis band 



ap plaud 
as sault 
as sort 
con form 
en dorse 
for lorn 
in form 
in thrall 
mis call 
per form 
sub orn 
trans form 
with draw 
ad opt 
al lot 
in volve 



rac oon 
shal loon 
ad j6in 
an noy 
ap point 
ben zoin 
con join 
dis join 
em broil 
en join 
en joy 
pur loin 
sub join 
al low 
an nounce 
ac count 



If they do not want to make this into wax for present 
use, they stow it away into empty cells in a form called 
bee-bread, and keep it safe against a time of need. 

This kind of care which many animals use to pro- 
vide for their safety, and supply their wants, is called 
instinct. It means that inward desire and skill which 
comes without learning, and belong to their nature. 

Some people when they want to take the honey 
from the bees, smoke them to death with the fumes of 
burning brimstone. 

This is a cruel way of treating the poor animals 
after all the work they have done ; and a generous 
person would rather eat his biscuit and butter with- 
out honey, than to obtain it by killing the poor bees 
in any way. 

Some people know how to contrive their plans 
much better. They set one hive on another, with a 
small hole through the top of the under one. Through 



(89) 



de sp6il 
de stroy 
re joice 
re coil 
vice r&y 
a mount 
a bound 
a bout 
a round 
a vow 
de nounce 
pro found 
pro pound 
re dound 
re nounce 
re nown 
re bound 



dis bdrse 
im print 
in fringe 
in fer 

mischance 
mis jildge 
oc cult 
oc cur 
sue cess 
sup press 
sus pense 
trans plant 
com mand 
un clasp 
ab hor 
ab sorb 
ap pall 



out wStch 
ad vSnce 
dis card 
dis charge 
em bark 
en large 
sur p£ss 
un bar 
bas soon 
buffoon 
car toon 
doub loon 
fes toon 
har poon 
lam poon 
mon soon 
plat oon 



as tound 
con found 
com pound 
en dow 
sur mount 
sur round 
un sound 
af fair 
com pare 
for bear 
for swear 
en snare 
im pair 
un fair 
a ware 
de clare 
re pair 



this hole the bees come into the topmost hive, and fill 
it with the best of their honey. 

When this upper hive becomes well stored, the man j 
who has the care of the bees, goes and thumps upon 
it, with the handle of a knife or a stick, which makes 
a noise that drives the bees below. 

Then he holds his ear close to the hives to see if 
any one is still left buzzing in the upper one; and 
when they are all out of this hive he takes it ofF, full 
of honey, and sets an empty one in its place. 

Sometimes, instead of taking away the hive, they 
take out as many pieces of honey-comb as they think 
proper, and leave the little laborers to fill it up again 
at their leisure. 

These bees can afford to make honey for people who 
do so much for them. It is only like paying a fair rent 
for their houses which their kind preservers provide 

h 2 ~~ ~ 



(90) 
CHAPTER III. 



IRREGULAR WORDS CLASSIFIED. 



TABLE XXII. 

In the following words, t has the sound of s, but not 
of sh y as has been represented. The word portion, truly 
analyzed, is not por-skun, but pors-ion, or pors-y on, which 
is the same thing, so far as the sound is concerned. Sec- 
tion is pronounced secs-yon, and so of other words of the 
same class ; t being the only letter which is varied from 
the true sound. The simplicity and consistency of the 
language have been much marred by the mistaken analy- 
sis of these elementary sounds. The resemblance to sh, 
in these words, is accidental. It is a false explanation 
of the principle, and will not uniformly apply. 

Words of two syllables accented on the first. 



Gra cious 
lo tion 
mo tion 
na tion 
no tion 
6 cean 
pa tient 
po tion 
por tion 
quo tient 



ra tion 
spa cious 
spe cious 
spe cies 
sa tiate 
sd cial 
sta tion 
anx ious 
he tion 
cap tious 



&xiom 
fac tious 
fie tion 
frac tion 
lus cious 
ndx ious 
men tion 
nup tial 
pens ion 
sec tion 



tr&ns ient 
tens ion 
unc tion 
hal cyon 
&uc tion 
cau tious 
con scious 
op tion 
mar tial 
par tial 



so nicely for their use ; but they should always take 
care to leave honey enough for them to eat, during 
the cold weather, when they cannot go out and get 
more. 

When the bees want to swarm, which is known by 
seeing them hang in great numbers, out side of their 
{-dwelling, then they place an empty hive, neatly pre- 
pared for them to enter when they please. 



(_9n 

Words of three syllables, accented on the second. 
Ab lii tion car na tion col la tion 
ap pre ciate ces sa tion com mo tion 
con ere tion ce ta cious com pie tion 
ca pa cious ci ta tion do na tion 

The owner of the hive is very careful to have them 
well made. Some are made of rye, or barley straw, 
and some of boards. The last sort are sometimes made 
with eight sides, called octagons, and have a plank on 
the top, jutting over, all around at the edges to keep 
off the rain. 

There is another curious plan for getting the purest 
of honey. They set some glass jars, over holes made 
in the top of the hive for the honey-makers to come 
through. They come into these jars and fill them 
with the neatest comb and honey which can ever be 
seen ; without a particle of bee bread ; and, when this 
is done, they take off the jars to carry to market. 

This honey, in the glass jars, is so very pure, sweet, 
and beautiful, that the bees of Mount Hybla, in the 
island of Sicily, or of Hymettus, near the city of old 
Athens, could not have made better. 

When the bees go to work in the jars, they can be 
seen in evefy thing they do ; but it is found best to 
keep them covered over, because the workers seem to 
like that the best, for they soon cover all the inside of 
it themselves, with a thin layer of wax. 

Besides the jars on the top they have sometimes a 
small square of glass, in the sides of some of the hives, 
but they find it best to have a cover over this glass 
too ; for the bees in general will not work so well, 
when the light is let in upon them. 

For this reason they commonly take off the outside 
cover when they want to see how much honey, or 
how many bees the hive contains ; or to watch their mo- 
tions as they are engaged like so many joiners, masons, 
and store keepers, in carrying on their curious trade. 



de pie tion 
du ra tion 
e ma ciate 
e mo tion 
ex pa tiate 
ex cru ciate 
fa ce tious 
fe ro cious 
form a tion 
fi du cial 
grad a tion 
im pa tient 
in fla tion 
in gra tiate 
le ga tion 



(92) 

ra p& cious 
re pie tion 
sa ga cious 
se ere tion 
so lu tion 
tax a tion 
te na cious 
vo ra cious 
vex a tious 
ap por tion 
pro por tion 
tes ta ceous 
af f£c tion 
af flic tion 
as crip tion 



di men sion 
dis sen tion 
e lee tion 
es sen tial 
ex tine tion 
in fee tious 
in junc tion 
in scrip tion 
li cen tiate 
ob jec tion 
per fee tion 
po ten tial 
pre scrip tion 
pro trac tion 
pro vin cial 



Bees, in many respects, resemble men ; and there 
is much to be learned from these little insects, which, 
ever since king Solomon's time, have been held up as 
a pattern of industry for people to follow. 

They are of two kinds ; working bees and drones ; 
the first do all the labor ; and the others ^o nothing 
but help to eat the honey. w 

Those who know most about drones, have long de- 
bated the question, what good they do, or whether 
they are of any use at all: but this point is not yet set- 
tled. It is likely they answer some purpose, or they 
would not have been made. 

Drones have no stings, like working bees ; they are 
larger and longer ; with rounder heads, more swelling 
eyes, and thicker tongues. They are still better known 
from the rest r by making a greater buzzing noise. 

Drones, like dronish people, stay in the hive till al- 
most noon ; and then go out to suck honey from the 
flowers, for themselves to eat: but never bring any 
home to their friends. 



li ba tion 
lo ca tion 
lo qua cious 
lu na tion 
lus tra tion 
mi gra tion 
mu ta tion 
ne go ti ate 
ob la tion 
plan ta tion 
pol lu tion 
pri va tion 
pro mo tion 
pros tra tion 
quo ta tion 



(93) 

as sump tion 
co ac tion 
col lee tion 
con struc tion 
corn plex ion 
com punc tion 
con cep tion 
con nex ion 
con scrip tion 
con ten tious 
con ven tion 
cor r^c tion 
ere den tial 
de due tion 
de trac tion 



re ac tion 
re dern/> tion 
re frac tion 
sub stan tial 
sen ten tious 
trans ac tion 
ab or tion 
con tor tion 
pre cau tion 
ad op tion 
con coc tion 
ob nox ious 
im par tial 



During the summer, two or three hundred, and 
sometimes more, of these drones, are found in a hive; 
but as the cold weather approaches, the working bees 
kill them all, and clear them out of the way. This is 
the order of nature. The reason why it is so, the 
wisest of men cannot fully explain. 

The working bees are divided into different squads, 
to carry on their business to better advantage. Some 
rove in the fields after honey to lay up ; others pre- 
pare the comb, ready to receive it ; some smooth the 
inside and corners of the hives, and stop the chinks, to 
keep out insects, or guard against the cold ; and a fourth 
set is employed to bring proper food to such as are 
detained at their work. 

In this way, the labor of bees, or boys, or men, is 
much better managed, than in flying from one thing to 
an other, without any settled plan. It is found to be 
the wisest course to conform to wholesome rules, and 
put up with some evils, that they may enjoy the plea- 



(W) 

Words of four syllables, the chief accent on the third, and 
the minor accent on the first. 

Ab di ck tion grav i ta tion cir cum st&n tial 
ac cept a tion im pre ca tion circumvention 
ac cu sa tion in to na tion condescension 
ad apt a tion in vo lu tion con fi den tial 
ad o ra tion lit i ga tion con ti nent al 
ag gre ga tion lo co mo tion cm ci fix ion 
am pu ta tion lu cu bra tion contra ven tion 
eel e bra tion mas ti ca tion con sequen tial 
con cen tra tion ob li ga tion im per fee tion 
con tri bu tion os ten ta tion in sur rec tion 
contumacious per se cu tion in ter rup tion 
con sti tu tion perspicacious in ter ven tion 
con vo lu tion pros ti tu tion ju ris die tion 
disputatious pertinacious misconception 
dis pen sa tion re lax a tion pes ti len tial 
disproportion res er va tion pet ri fac tion 
dis tri bu tion res ti tu tion pre di lee tion 
dis ser ta tion scin til la tion prov i den tial 
ev o lu tion sub sti tu tion re pro due tion 
ef fi ca cious sub orn a tion res ur rec tion 
ex ca va tion transmutation rev er en tial 
ex e cu tion apprehension tep e fac tion 
ex ha la tion ben e die tion ven e sec tion 
fu mi ga tion ben e fac tion e qui noc tial 

sures of social life, and act together with more effect 
in doing good. 

On the hind legs of the bees, are two little hollows, 
edged round with fine bristly hairs. Into these places 
they collect the honey to convey it home. They leave 
their burden at the hive and return to the fields, for 
an other supply. Among the flowers which bees like 



( 95 ) . 

Double s, preceded by a vowel, and followed by a liquid 
vowel sound. 
In this class of words, the preceding vowel is always 
short, the ss sharp, and flowing into the next syllable 
with a sound closely imitating that of sh. It will be 
seen, however, that all the words of this kind are much 
better understood, and the harmony of the language bet- 
ter preserved, by resolving them into their own elements, 
than by resorting to any thing foreign to explain them. 

C&ss ia com pass ion per miss ion 

miss ion con fess ion pro fess ion 

pass ion con cuss ion re miss ion 

ab sciss ion com press ion re press ion 

ac cess ion di gress ion sub miss ion 

com miss ion o miss ion sup press ion 

The following words, notwithstanding they have been 
differently explained, will be found to depend on the 
same principles as the preceding : 

ScMd ier filst ian di gest ion 

court ier mixt ion ad mixt ion 

b&st ion quest ion com mixt ion 

best ial ce lest ial sug ger^t ion 

christ ian com bust ion 

best, are clover, either white or red, and thyme and 
thistle tops, and mustard : but these insects, as well as 
most others, dislike bitter things ; and rue, worm- 
wood, or elder leaves, will drive them away. 

Besides the drones and working bees, there is the 
mother, or queen, of the hive. It is by means of this 
one that all the swarm is brought to act in* concert. 
She presides over the rest, and appears to give the di- 
rection to all their work. The labors of the swarm 1 
could no more go on without the queen bee, than the 

j people at a town meeting, could preserve good order 

! without a moderator. 



-(96) 

When a single s is immediately preceded by a vowel, 
and followed by a liquid sound, the s always sounds like 
z. If the preceding vowel is i, or y, it is short ; and any 
other vowel is long. 



Brk sier 

cro sier 
fu sion 
ho sier 
o sier 
vis ion 
ad he sion 
af fu sion 
al lu sion 
am bro sia 
co he sion 
col lu sion 



con clii sidh 
con fu sion 
cor ro sion 
de lu sion 
dif fu sion 
con tu sion 
de tru sion 
ef fu sion 
ex clu sion 
il lu sion 
ex plo sion 
e va sion 



in i'ix sion 
in va sion 
in tru sion 
ob tru sion 
oc ca sion 
oc clu sion 
per sua sion 
suf fu sion 
col lis ion 
con cis ion 
de ris ion 
de cis ion 



» An other fact serves strongly to show the nature of 
bees. They can bear only one queen in a hive. 
Whenever it happens that two or more are found, a 
battle ensue?, and lasts till all the queens but one are 
killed, or driven away. In such contests for power, 
many bees some times lose their lives, and their dead 
bodies are thrown out by the victors, and seen scat- 
tered around their house. 

The contention between a swarm in one hive, or 
the people of the same country, to determine who 
ghall rule, is called a civil war, or a war of citizens 
with each other. It is often more cruel and destructive 
than any other kind of strife. The rival queens, com- 
monly do not fight ; but make others fight for them, till 
the opposite party is entirely subdued. 

People of learning and skill have contrived many 
ways to examine the smallest insects. One of these 
schemes was, to invent an optic glass, called a micro- 

I scope. It makes the least things, when seen through 

I it, look much larger than they are. 



(_y?_) _ 

di vis ion pro vis ion in de ci? ion 

in c\s ion re c\s ion su per vis ion 

pre cis ion cir cum cis ion vis ion a ry 

Through such a glass as this, a flea appears, in size, 
like a grasshopper. With a microscope, we could 
view the movements of the bees at their work ; could 
see one come home loaded, and feed an other, we 
could watch the motions of their eyes ; and count the 
little claws at the end of their toes. 

Many rules which the bees seem to follow, inge- 
nious people take great pains to learn. If they want 
to swarm, it is between the hours of ten and three; 
not early in the morning, nor late in the afternoon; 
and, as a matter of course, they always choose to turn 
out in good weather. 

It is a singular fact, that, if these animals are out in 
the fields, thunder will always bring them home ; and, 
whether it thunders or not, they appear to know when 
it is going to rain, and hasten back to their hives. Any 
loud noise will drive them to their shelter, or cause 
them to settle. 

It is on this account, that people, in general, when 
their bees are swarming, blow the dinner horn ; jingle 
bells ; and ring all the frying pans they can find ; some- 
times, in addition to all this noise, they throw sand 
among them to make them believe it rains. 

When the bees have removed to a new hive, they 
work with uncommon diligence, to get their dwelling 
in order and lay up a store to live on, in bad weather. 
If it should be very rainy, for several days after they 
move, they are in danger of starving ; because they 
have nothing then laid up to eat. At such a time, it is 
proper to have them fed with honey or sugar. 

Bees remain torpid, or inactive, during the cold 
weather, in the same manner as other insects, in 
general, which draw their food from plants and leaves. 
At such times, they lie close to each other, to keep 

I ,= " 



(98) 

TABLE XXIII. 

C and g are hard when they end a word, or syllable, 
so that the voice rests upon them ; but when, in the mid- 
dle of a word, they are followed by e or i, they necessa- 
rily become soft, and, commonly, are sounded in such 
close connexion with the preceding and following vowel, 
that it is difficult to determine to which syllable they 
most properly belong. This gliding sound, as it may be 
called, always shortens the preceding vowel. 

The subjoined list of words will be sufficient to illus- 
trate this rule. 

The double accent' 7 placed after a vowel, shows that c 
or g soft in the next syllable is united in sound to the 
preceding vowel ; thus fal f cile is pronounced fas il ; 
a" gile, is aj-ih 



F&" cile 


vi" gil 


pre' ci pice 


a cid 


VI CIOUS 


re ci pe 


a gile 


16 gic 


re gi cide 


di git 


pro cess 


re gim en 


fra gile 


a' gi tate 


re gis ter 


fri gid 


de cim ai 


spe ci fy 


ma gic 


de cim ate 


spe ci men 


pa geant 


fla gel et 


tra ge dy 


pi geon 


la cer ate 


ve ge tate 


pla cid 


le gi ble 


vi cm age 


pre cious 


ma cer ate 


co gi tate 


spe cial 


ma gis trate 


pro ge ny 


ri gid 


pa ci fy 


ad di" tion 


ta cit 


pa gin al 


am bi tion 


tra gic 


pre ce dent 


ca pn cious 



warm, and require very little to eat. If there comes 
a pleasant day in winter, they creep out, and appear 
to enjoy the sun shine and air; but do not venture far 
from their hive. 



co mi" tial 
con di tion 
den ti tion 
e di tion 
e li cit 
ig ni tion 
il li cit 
ju di cial 
ex pli cit 
im a gine 
im pli cit 
li ti gious 
mi li tia 
mo ni tion 
mu ni tion 
no vi tiate 
pro di gious 
po si tion 
re li gious 
se di tious 
so li cit 



(99) 

av a ri" cious 
ben e fi cial 
co a li tion 
co ef fi cient 
com pe ti tion 
dep o si tion 
er u di tion 
ex pe di tious 
ir re li gious 
im po si tion 
in ju di cious 
pol i ti cian 
pre ju di cial 
sup po si tion 
an ti" ci pate 
a da gi o 
ar mi ger ous 
ad di tion al 
au da ci ty 
am bi tious ly 
ca pa ci ty 



re li" gious ly 
rus ti ci ty 
sim pli ci ty 
so li ci tude 
sa ga ci ty 
so li cit or 
sus pi cious ly 
tra di tion al 
ve ra ci ty 
a tro' ci ty 
fe ro ci ty 
rhi no ce ros 
ve lo ci ty 
ab o ri" gin al 
au then ti ci ty 
car til a gin ous 
du o de cim o 
ec cen tri ci ty 
e las ti ci ty 
e lee tri ci ty 
in suf fi cien cy 



Bees, like many other animals, show much cunning 
in defending themselves against their foes. They have 
many of these to guard against. Mice sometimes annoy 
them very much. Spiders often kill them : and wasps 
or hornets sting them to death. 

To keep their enemies out of the hive, they place a 
number to watch at the entrance. If a snail comes 
in, after all they can do to prevent him, they sting him 
to death ; and if they cannot clear him out, they cover 
him over, perfectly tight, with wax, so that no air can 
get to him. This prevents any offensive smell which 
would otherwise take place, by the decay of the body. 



( loo- ) 

tra di tion di la cer ate mu cil a ginous 

le" gen da ry du pli ci ty mul ti pli ci ty 

ma gis tra cy fu ga ci ty per spi ca ci ty 

ne ces sa ry fe li ci ty per ti na ci ty 

ve get a ble mu ni ci pal sac rile giously 

ab o IF tion of fi cious ly as tro 16" gic al 

ac qui si tion o pa ci ty my tho lo gic al 

ad mo ni tion par ti ci pate phi lo lo gic al 

ad ven ti tious pro di gious ly re ci pro ci ty 

ap po si tion pro fi cien cy tau to lo gic al 

It is not the practice, in English, to end a syllable with 
q; but this letter, in many instances, receives the pre- 
ceding vowel gliding into it in very close connexion, in 
the same manner as soft c, or g\ The following are 
examples ; 

Li" quid li" qui fy in i" qui ty 

li qwor e" qui ta ble ob li qui ty 

e" qui ty an ti" qui ty u bi qui ty 

li qui date in i qui tous li" qui da tion 

TABLE XXIV. 

The common sound of ch, in English, is like tch, as in 
church. Before I or r, ch is necessarily hard, as in chloro- 
sis, Christian : cch is always hard as in saccharine, bac- 
chanal. In the following words, derived chiefly from the 
Greek language, c, at the end of a syllable, or before a 
vowel, has the sound of k. 

Scheme mon arch chor is ter 

chyle stom ach och i my 

chasm sch&on er or ches tra 

chord pa tri arch a nach ro nism 

conch eu cha rist cha lyb e ate 

loch al chy mist chir ur gic al 

school an ar chy syn ec do che 



cha os 
cho ral 
cho rus 
e poch 
te trarch 
tro chee 
an chor 
chym ist # 
dis tich 
ech o 
mas tich 
pas chal 
sched ule 
schir rous 
chol er 
schol ar 



( 101) 

an cho ret 
cat e chism 
char ac ter 
brach i al 
lach ry mal 
mach i nate 
mich ael mas 
pen ta teuch 
sac char ine 
tech ni cal 
chym ic al 
cha mel ion 
chi me ra 
ca chex y 
me chan ic 
cha ot ic 



pyr r/iich i us 
pa ro chi al 
an ar chi al 
mon arch i al 
mel an chol y 
chi rog ra phy 
the om a chy 
cat e chi men 
py ro tech nic 
hi er ar chy 
pa tri Srch al 
chal ce do ny 
me chanf'cian 
cat e chet ic al 
ich thy 61 o gy 
char ac ter is tic 



The followiDg words, derived from the French, have 
ch like sh : 

Chhise chi cane chev a li£r 

cham ade deb au chee chan de lier 

cham pa/g-n cap u chin chi cane ry 

The following words have the i of the accented syllable 
sounded like e long, being pronounced in English nearly 
the same as in French : 

ma chine 
ma rine 



Pique 
shire 
an tique 
fa tigue 
in trigue 



po lice 
va lice 
cap u chin 

•Webster has chimist 



bom ba sin 
mag a zine 
quar an tine 
ma chine ry 
ma chin ist 



i2 



<___ 

TABLE XXV. 

Sounds of the letter g. 

General Rule. Double g is hard before all the vowels. 
Single g is hard before a, 0, and u ; and soft, like j, be- 
fore e, i,and y. 

Exceptions. Double g is soft in agger ate and suggest, 
with their compounds and derivatives ; and single g is 
hard before e, i, and y, in the following words, derived 
from Saxon roots. 

Gear girl giz zard 

geese be gin eager 

geek be get gew gaw 

get be girt mea ger 

gills for get ti ger 

gig for give hu ger 

gift mis give t&r get 

give gib bous par get 

gild gid dy ea ger ness 

gilt gig gle nrea ger ly 

gimp gild ing gib ber ish 

gird* gimlet giddiness 

girt geld ing to geth er 

girth gir die al to geth er 

G after n, at the end of a syllable, has a peculiar sound, 
resembling the French nasal n, and differing from both 
its hard and soft sounds. This sound, in the primitive 
word is commonly retained in the derivative ; as, 

Cling clinging hang hanging 

sing sing er wrong wrong ing 

string string y tongue tongue less 

Single g in the following words, has a double sound ; 
the first nasal, the second hard : 

An gle jin gle lin ger strong est 

d&n gle min gle con ger mon ger 



( "») 

man gle sin gle con gress mon grel 

spangle shingle longer younger 

stran gle tin gle long est young est 

tan gle fin ger strong er hun ger 

G is silent before win the same syllable. In this situa- 
tion, it tends to lengthen any vowel immediately pre- 
ceding, except e and a. Before n, at the beginning of a 
wor4, g is always silent. 

Gnat 



p-nash 
sign 
en sign 
as sign 
con sign 
de sign 
be nign 
con dio-n 



ma lign 

deign 

feign 



ar xmgn 
earn paegn 
poign ant 
gnomon 
gno mon ics 
phlegm 
im pregn 
ap o frhegm 
di a phragm 



reign 
gnaw 
gn£rl 
im pftgn 
op pugn 
pro pign 

With the addition of er, est, ly, ing, merit, ness, able, 
and cy, the primitive pronunciation is preserved : as in, 

Sign er con sign ment im pign er 

as sign ing con dign ness poign an cy 

be nign est con dign ly en sign cy 

ma lign ly ar razgn ing as sign a ble 

In other words derived from the foregoing primitives, 
the g and n are divided, and take their usual sounds, 
as in, 

Be nig nant ma lig ni ty re cog ni" tion 

de sig nate ma lig nant ly cog ni zance 

ma lig nant be nig ni ty re cog ni zance 

re pug nant im pug na ble phys i 6g no my 

sig ni fy as sig na tion cog ni za ble 

sig nif i cant op pug na tion 

in dig ni ty impregnation 



( 1-04 ) 




TABLE XXVI. 




Sounds of the Letter 


X. 


The common sound of x is like ks 


. In the following 


words, this letter, between two vowels, and where the 


accent is not 


upon it, sounds like gz. 


It would simplify 


the language 


and probably require no 


great effort to bring 


the x in these words to its regular sound. 


Ex act 


ex hort 


ex an i mate 


ex empt 


ex alt 


ex as per ate 


ex ist 


ex ert 


ex em pli fy 


ex ult 


ex ist ence 


ex am ina tion 




TABLE XXVII. 


The regular sound of ea is like e long. In the following 


words, it has the sound of short e as in men. 


Bread • 


head wealth 


tread 


breadth 


earn meant 


break fast 


breast 


learn realm 


breast plate 


earl 


yearn search 


dead en 


pearl 


earth spread 


dead ly 


breath 


dearth stead 


earl dom 


cleanse 


hearth sweat 


ear ly 


dead 


health thread 


earn est 


death 


stealth threat 


earth en 


earth ly 


pleas ant 


a breast 


feath er 


mea sure 


a head 


leath er 


plea sure 


be head 


weath er 


trea sure 


be spread 


learn ing 


read y 


im pearl 


head long 


stead fast 


in stead 


head ake 


steal thy 


re hearse 


heav y 


sweat y 


re search 

i 



( 105) 


heov en 


threat en 


en deav or 


jeal ous 


trea die 


pleas ant ry 


lead en 


wealth y 


read i ness 


mead ow 


weap on 


re hears al 


peas ant 


zeal ot 


treach e ry 


pheas ant 


zeal ous 


treach er ous 


In the following, e before 


a is silent. 


[long a) 


he&rt y 


tear 


break 


dis heart en 


bear er 


steak 




swear ing 


great 


(dipthhong at) 


pear tree 




bear 


for bear 


(Italian a) 


pear 


for swear 


he&rt 


swear 





eau 

This combination of vowels is introduced from the 
French, and has the sound of long o, except in the word 
beauty 'and its derivatives, in which it sounds like long u. 

Beau flambeau man teau maker 

bat teau ron deau 

bu reau port man teau 

ei 

The common sound of ei is like long e; as, seize } be- 
lieve. They take the sound of long a in the following 
words : 



Deign 

feign 

reign 

feint 

rein 

vein 

veil 



eight 
freight 
weight 
reign ing 
neigh bor 
weight y 
eigh teen 



skein 
neigh 
weigh 
eigAt y 
hei nous 
in weigh 
pur vey 



bey 

dey 

prey 

they 

whey 

con vey 

o bey 





( 106) 






Other sounds of ei. 


{long i.) 


eye 


(diphthong au) 


ne\ght 


{short c.) 


heir 


s\e\ght 


heifer 


their 


Leop ard 


Leop old 


feoff- 


jeop ard 


yeom an 


feoffment 


Leon ard 


jeop ard y 
ie like long c< 


peo pie 


Chief 


bier 


pierce 


breef 


pier 


field 


fief 


tier 


shield 


lief 


fneze 


wield 


grief 


sieze 


yield 


grieve 


mien 


niece 


thieve 


fiend 


piece 


liege 


fierce 


pnest 


siege 


tierce 


shriek 


chief tain 


thiev ish 


fnend 


griev ous 


-brief ly 


sieve 




ieu like long u 


. 


hteii 


pur \ieix 


lie&.ten ant 


a dieii 


pur view 


in ter view 


view 


re view 


count er view 




TABLE XXVIII. 


Various irregular sounds of the letter o, whether single 


or combined with other vowels. In several words the o 


is silent. 






Boll 


pdst gross 


powlt 


droll 


gftost bdrne 


s<5id 


&noll 


dont # shorn 


sowrce 





( 


107 ) 




poll 


wdnt* 


sworn 


dough 


roll 


fort 


torn 


though* 


toll 


port 


worn 


through* 


troll 


sport 


forth 


br<5th 


scroll 


old 


groztfth 


cloth 


comb 


bold 


door 


moth 


bolt 


cold 


floor 


wroth 


colt 


fold 


bourn 


borr? 


dolt 


gold 


mowrn 


corn 


jolt 


hold 


bottlt 


horn 


molt 


mold 


cowrt 


morn 


polt 


sold 


course 


scorn 


volt 


told 


mould 


thorn 


pork 


scold 


ttfhole 


form 


dost 


loth 


four 


storm 


host 


doth 


gowrd 


corse 


.most 


sloth 


moult 


horse 


morse 


one* 


croup* 


doub le 


sort 


once* 


group 


doub let 


short 


monk 


soup 


troub le 


snort 


month 


rouge 


jour nal 


tort 


none 


tour 


jour ney 


cork 


blood 


do 


flour ish 


fork 


flood 


to 


nour ish 


cord 


front 


who 


rough ly* 


lord 


seodrge 


whose 


roughness* 


north 


touch 


cou/d 


south ern 


cost 


young 


shou/d 


touch y 


lost 


chough* 


wou/d 


young ster 


tost 


rough* 


wolf 


mon day 


! frost 


tough* 


bough 


moth er 


froth 


slough* 


plough 


bou sy 



( 108) 



bo som 
do ing 
mov ing 
dough ty 
al thdugh 
dis course 
re course 
re source 
ad joiirn 
so jonrn 
a mour 
car touch 
sur tout 
un couth 
e nofigh 
w6m an 
worn en # 



Remarks. # The words dont and wont, are shortened 
from do not and will not : they are frequently used in com- 
mon conversation, and somewhat often in familiar dia- 
logues, in books, or in theatrical works of a common 
order; but never in grave, or dignified compositions. 

The words, cough and trough, have ou, like broad a, 
or au, pronounced, tawf\ and trauf, having gh sounded 
like/. 

One and once, are pronounced wun and wunce. 

The words, chough rough, tough, slough, are pro- 
nounced chuf, ruf, tuf, sluf. 

* Croup, group, and soup are French, woop, &c. as in 
Table VI. would be English. 

Rough ly and rough ness, are pronounced ruf ly, ruf- 
ness. 

Enough in pronounced enuf. 

Worn en is pronounced wim men. See the Introduction 
page 8 th. 



broad 


dove 


slough 


groat 


glove 


drou^/it 


cough* 


love 


bol ster 


trough* 


shove 


hoi ster 


ought 


wont 


dough y 


bought 


word 


whol ly 


brought 


worm 


coul ter 


{ought * 


work 


four teen 


nought 


worth 


poul tice 


sought 


worse 


poul try 


thought 


wort 


shoul der 


wrought 


son 


coun try 


bom6 


ton 


cour ant 


clom& 


won 


cour age 


rhomb 


t6mb 


coup le 


come 


move 


coup let 


some 


prove 


cous m 



( 109) 

TABLE XXIX. 

Words in which k is silent at the beginning of words. 
Knave knight knap knit 

knead knoll knar knob 

knee know kneer knock: 

kneel knab knurl knot 

knife knack knell 

knave ry knight ly knob bed 

knav ish know ing knob by 

knee deep knitter knock er 

knee pan knuc kle knot ed 

knight hood knuc kled knowl edge 

knead ing trough* knight er rant ry 

knight er rant knit ting nee die 

* Pronounced, need ing trauf. 

TABLE XXX. 

th 

These two letters., united, have two peculiar sounds. 
Neither is produced by the direct combination of their 
separate sounds. The first, or sharp th may be considered 
regular, as in tMnk, cloth. No part of our language pre- 
sents more contradictions, or is so difficult for foreigners 
in general to surmount, as the use of these two letters. 

The following lisj^comprehends the primitive words 
in which the fiat th is found. 

The those th&s them 

thee thy thou then 

these thhn thdugh thence 

thine th&t their this 

K 



(110) 



there 
with 
cldth ier 
ei ther 
hea then 
nei ther 
fhth om 
gath er 



rath er 
breth rea 
feath er 
\eath er 
pri/A, ee 
poth er 
fS //ier 
far ther 



weath er 
hi//i er 
thith er 
wi/A er 
whiz/a, er 
neth er 
we/A er 
wheth er 



bro/4 er 
mo/A er 
oth er 
smo/A er 
wor thy 
an 6/A er 
to geth er 
al to geth er 



A few words, which have the sharp th in the singular, 
have the flat sound in the plural. 



oath 

path 

lath 

moth 

cloth 



oaths 

paths 

laths 

moths 

cloths 



booth 

mouth 

wreath 

sheath 

sw&th 



booths 

months 

wreaths 

sheaths 

swaths 



Though general principles have not been laid down, 
and the practice has been very irregular, as appears from 
inspecting and comparing the best English Dictionaries, 
yet the rule may be deduced, with sufficient clearness, 
that nouns and adjectives ending in th should preserve 
the sharp sound, and the verbs take the flat sound, with 
a final e ; as 



Nouns and Adj. 

Sheath 
wreath 
loath 

Nouns and Adj. 

breath 
sc&th 



Verbs. 

sheave 
wreathe 
loathe 

Verbs. 

br bathe 
sckthe 



Nouns and Adj. Verbs. 

bath bkthe 

teeth teethe 

sdoth shothe 

Nouns and Adj. Verbs. 

cldthr cldthe 



swath 
mouth 



swathe 
mouthe 



( 111) ____ 

The following words will farther show that th, at the 
end of a word, is sharp ; and with a final e, is uniformly 
flat with the single exception of the word withe. 



B6th 
doth 
sloth 
wrath 



blithe 
hithe 
sithe 
tithe 



trith 
heath 
death 
yoith 
be neath 



writhe 
seethe 
in wrea/Ae 
un sheathe 
be que&the 



As in th, so in the letter s there is the same general 
tendency to the sharp sound in the noun and adjective, 
and the flat sound of z in the verb ; as in 



Nouns and 


Adj 


Verbs. 


Nouns and Adj 


Verbs. 


C16se 




close 


dis ise 


dis iise 


cruise 




cruise 


ex cuse 


ex cuse 


house 




house 


mis use 


mis use 


browse 




browse 


pr£m ise 


pre mise 


mouse 




mouse 


refuse 


re fuse 


rise 




rise 


16ose 


16se 


Nouns and 


Apj 


Verbs, 


Nouns and Adj 


Verbs. 


grease 




grease 


g6ose 


choose 


use 




use 


lease 


t£ase 


souse 




souse 


grouse 


drowse 



a biise 
dif fuse 



a Mise 
dif fuse 



Noun. 

Ad vice 
de vice 



A few words are differently spelled ; as 

Verb. 

ap pease 



Verb. 

ad vise 
de vise 



Noun. 

prac tice 



price 



prize 



So irregular, however, is the use of the letter s in En- 
glish, that it is impossible to deduce any rule respecting 
it which can have a general application. 





< 


112 ) 






TABLE XXXI. 




Q, in English, is always 


followed by w. 


It has precisely 


the sound of k ; and the u 


, when sounded, has the same 


power as w. 


The word liquid is sounded the same way 


as if written lik-wid, and tran-qwil r like frank-will. 


Quake 


quill 


squall 


con quest 


quail 


quench 


quart 


quad rant 


queen 


quest 


squash 


squan der 


quire 


quick 


e qual 


ac quire 


quite 


quell 


fre quent 


re quite 


squeak 


quilt 


qui et 


a" que duct 


squeal 


quince 


tran quil 


el o quence 


squeeze 


squib 


quiv er 


e" qui ty 


quack 


squint 


qu&r ter 


re" qui site 


U y has the same sounc 


as w r after g < 


:>r s ; as in 


Lan guage Ian guid dis 


sua ding 


an guish 


lin guist per sua sive 


lan guish 


as suage lan 


[ guish ing 


san guine 


per suade dis 


j tin guish 


- 


TABLE XXXII. 






Christian Names of Men. 




Charles 


Ralph 


Da vid 


Lu ther 


George 


Seth 


Do rus 


Lu cas 


Giles 


A& ron 


De cius 


Mi chael 


Hugh 


Abel 


E nocb 


Milo 


Job 


A mos 


E phraim 


Mo ses 


John 


A sa 


E nos 


Me don 


James 


A saph 


Jo tham 


My ron 


Jude 


Bry an 


Jo el 


Na than 


Luke 


Ore thon 


he vi 


No ah 


Mark 


Caleb 


Lew is 


Ow en 


Miles 


Ce sar 


La ban 


Obed 


Paul 


Cy rus 


Lu cius 


dm 


Flo rus 


Ash er 


Mau rice 


Thad de us 





( 


113 ) 




Fe lix 


Ber nard 


Wal ter 


Zeb u Ion 


Hi ram 


Cal vin 


War ren 


Mor de cai 


He man 


Con rad 


Ar thur 


Bar na bas 


I ra 


Clem ent 


Aj val 


Da ri us 


Ja cob 


Dud ley 


Mar tin 


E li sha 


Ja red 


Dan iel 


Mar cus 


Jo si ah 


Jo seph 


Den nis 


Har vey 


Leb be us 


Jo ab 


Ed gar 


Har mon 


Mat thi as 


Jo nas 


Ed mund 


Row Ian 


Pa le mon 


Pe ter 


Ed ward 


A bra ham 


Syl va nus 


Phil ip 


Ed win 


A sa hel 


To bi as 


Pat rick 


Egbert 


Flo ri o 


U ri ah 


Pe leg 


Ez ra 


Ju ni us 


Zac che us 


Pe rez 


Jus tin 


The o dore 


E ras tus 


Pho cion 


Jes se 


A dri an 


Lo ren zo 


Philo 


Jus tus 


Al phe us 


Ly san der 


Reu ben 


Leon ard 


Ab sa lorn 


Me lane ton 


Ru el 


Lev in 


An tho ny 


Na than iel 


Ru lef 


Mat thew 


Am a sa 


Phi Ian der 


Rich ard 


Ellis 


Ben ja min 


Syl ves ter 


Ros well 


Eg bert 


Ben e diet 


E ben e zer 


Rob ert 


Fes tus 


Chris to pher Hez e ki ah 


Ru fas 


Fran cis 


Cyp ri an 


Jed e di ah 


Si las 


Frank lin 


El na than 


Jer e mi ah 


1 Si mon 


Gar rit 


Elihu 


A si el 


Se Ian 


Gil bert 


El ka nah 


A Ion zo 


Ste phen 


God frey 


Fred er ic 


Au gus tus 


Shu bal 


Gkir don 


Ich a bod 


Au gus tine 


So Ion 


Ger shorn 


Josh u a 


Ar chi bald 


Titus 


Hor ace 


Jon a than 


A bi jah 


The ron 


Hen ry 


Lem u el 


A dol phus 


Tu nis 


iJum phrey 


Nich o las 


A pol los 


Ze rah 


Is rael 


01 i ver 


ba di ah 


Ab ner 


Jas per 


Phin e as 


Zech a ri ah 


Ad am 


Sal mon 


Phil e mon 


Al ex an der 


Al bert 


Thorn as 


Rod er ic 


Cor ne li us 


Al fred 


Ter ence 


Sam u el 


E ze ki el 


Al len 


Vin cent 


Sim e on 


E liph a let 


Al van 


Will iam 


Sol o mon 


The oph il us 


An drew 


Aus tin 


Tim o thy 


Ar te man 


Am brose 

fe^s i 


Lau rence 







k2 





( 


114 ) 






Christian Names of Women. 


Ann 


Ag nes 


Sally 


Cor ne lia 


Jane 


An na 


Ab i gail 


Di a na 


Ruth 


Abby 


Car o line 


E li za 


A my 


Al ice 


Cath a rine 


Eu do cia 


Chlo e 


An nis 


Cyn thi a 


I re ne 


Celia 


Ach sah 


Deb o rah 


Je mi ma 


Delia 


Bridg et 


Dor o thy 


Je ru sha 


Di nah 


Bet sey 


El e nor 


Ke zi ah 


De cia 


Char lotte 


Em i ly 


Lu ere tia 


Eu nice 


Daph ne 


Flav i a 


Ma ri a 


Flo ra 


Em ma 


Har ri et 


phe lia 


Ju lia 


Esth er 


Liv i a 


Pa me la 


Ju dith 


Ellen 


Mar ga ret 


Pan the a 


Le ah 


El sey 


Mag da len 


Pau li na 


Lo is 


Ed na 


Mir i am 


Rox a na 


Lu cy 


Fan ny 


Or thi a 


So phi a 


Mabel 


Fran ces 


Ros a mond 


The re sa 


Ma ry 


Han nah 


Syl vi a 


Ur su la 


Phebe 


Hel en 


Tul li a 


Clem en ti na 


Por cia 


Hes ter 


E liz a beth 


Ju li an a 


Ra chel 


Hul dah 


Pe nel o pe 


The o do ra 


Rho da 


Jen net 


Dor cas 


Mar tha 


Sa rah 


Kit ty 


Lau ra 


Mar cia 


Su san 


Lyd ia 


Al mi ra 


A man da 


Fa bi a 


Nan cy 


A de lia 


At til i a 


Eu phe mi 


a 01 ive 


A me lia 


Be lin da 


La vin i a 


Patty 


A se nath 


Ce cil ia 


Oc ta vi a 


Peggy 


Chris ti na 


Ca mil la 


Va le ri a 


Phyl lis 


Cor de lia 


Cle men tia 


Co rin na 


Le ti" tia 


Pris cil la 


An gel i ca 


E lec^tra 


Ma til da 


Re bee ca 


An gel i na 


E mil la 


Me lis sa 


Su san nah 


Hen ri et ta 


Jo an na 


Mi ner va 


Te ren tia 


Mar ga ret ta 


Lu cin da 








The names 


and order of all the Books of i 
Testaments. 


%e Old and New 


Gen e sis 


9 Deut e ron o my I. 


Sam u el 


Ex o dus 


Josh u 


a II. 


Sam u el 


Le vit i cus Judg e s I. 


Kings 


Num bers 


Ruth 


II. 


Kings 



( 115) 


I. Chron i cles 


TheS. ofSolomon 


ba di ah 


II. Chron i cles 


I sai ah 


Jo nah 


Ez ra 


Jer e mi ah 


Mi cah 


Ne he mi ah 


La ment a tions 


Na hum 


Esther 


E ze ki el 


Ha bak kuk 


Job 


Dan iel 


Zeph a ni ah 


Psalms 


Ho se a 


Hag ga i 


Prov erbs 


Jo el 


Zech a ri ah 


Ec cle si as tes 


A mos 


Mai a chi 


The Books of the New Testament. 


Mat thew 


E phe si ans 


To the He brews 


Mark 


Phil ip pi ans 


The Ep. of James 


Luke 


Co loss i ans 


I. Pe ter 


John 


I. Thess a lo ni ans 


II. Pe ter 


The Acts 


II.Thessaloni ans 


I. John 


E pis tie to the I. Tim o thy 


II. John 


Romans 


II. Tim o thy 


III. John 


I. Co rinth i ans 


; Ti tus 


Jude 


II. Co rinth i ans Phi le mon 


Rev e la tion 


Gal a tians 








TABLE XXXIII. 




Numerals. 




Cardinal Numbers. Ordinal Numbers 


. Numeral Letters. 


1 one 


first 


I 


2 two 


second 


II 


3 three 


third 


III 


4 four 


fourth 


IV 


5 five 


fifth 


V 


6 six 


sixth 


VI 


7 seven 


seventh 


VII 


8 eight 


eighth 


VIII 


9 nine 


ninth 


IX 


10 ten 


tenth 


X 


11 eleven 


eleventh 


XI 


12 twelve 


twelfth 


XII 


13 thirteen 


thirteenth 


XIII 


14 fourteen 


fourteenth 


XIV 


15 fifteen 


fifteenth 


XV 


16 sixteen 


sixteenth 


XVI 



( 116 ) 

seventeenth XVII 

eighteenth XVIII 

nineteenth XIX 

twentieth XX 

twenty-first XXI 

twenty-second XXII 

twenty-third XXIII 

twenty-fourth XXIV 

twenty-fifth XXV 

twenty-sixth XXVI 

twenty-seventh XXVII 

twenty-eighth XXV III 

twenty-ninth XXIX 

thirtieth XXX 

thirty-first XXXI 

thirty-second XXXII 

fortieth XL 

fiftieth L 

sixtieth LX 

seventieth LXX 

eightieth LXXX 

ninetieth XG 

one hundredth C 

two hundredth CC 

three hundredth CGC 

four hundredth CCCC 

five hundredth D 

six hundredth DC 

seven hundredth DCC 

eight hundredth DCCC 

nine hundredth DCCCC 

one thousandth M 
MDCCCXXX eighteen hundred and thirty. 1830. 



17 seventeen 

18 eighteen 

19 nineteen 

20 twenty 

21 twenty-one 

22 twenty-two 

23 twenty-three 

24 twenty-four 

25 twenty-five 

26 twenty-six 

27 twenty-seven 

28 twenty-eight 

29 twenty-nine 

30 thirty 

31 thirty-one 

32 thirty-two 
40 forty 
50 fifty 
60 sixty 
70 seventy 
80 eighty 
90 ninety 

100 a hundred 
200 two hundred 
300 three hundred 
400 four hundred 
500 Hve hundred 
600 six hundred 
700 seven hundred 
800 eight hundred 
900 nine hundred 
1000 a thousand 



TABLE XXXVI. 

Abbreviations are much less used than they formerly 
were. Unless they are such as frequently occur, and are 
well understood, they produce more inconvenience than 
benefit. The following comprehends such as good scho- 
lars are acquainted with, and are in most general use. 



( 117 ) 

Many others might be added, which relate to particular 
sciences or trades, but are hardly considered as allowable 
in general literature 

Latin Abbreviations adopted in English, 

A. B. Artium Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Arts. 
A. D. Anno Domini, in the year of our Lord. 
A. M. Artium Magister, Master of- Arts. 
A. M. Anno Mundi, in the year of the World. 
A. M. Ante Meridiem, before noon. 

A. U. C. Ab Urbe Condita from the foundation of the city. 
P. M. Post Meridiem, after noon. 

B. D. Baccalaureus Divinitatis, Bachelor of Divinity. 

C. or Cent. Centum, a hundred. 
C. or Cap. Caput, Chapter. 

C. S. Custos Sigilli, Keeper of the Seal, 
d. dele, blot out. 

d. denarius, a penny, 
do. ditto, the same. 

e. g. exempli gratia, for example, 
id. idem, the same 

| e. id est, that is, [men. 

L H. S. lesus Hominum Salvator, Jesus the Saviour of 

Jun. Junior, younger. 

L. Liber, a book. 

£ Libra, pounds. 

LL. D. Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws. Not L. L. D 

L. S. Locus SigilU, the place of the Seal. 

M. B. Medicina Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Physic. 

M. D. Medicina Doctor, Doctor of Medicine. 

M. S. Manuscriptum, Manuscript. 

M. SS. Manuscripti, Manuscripts. 

M. S. Memoria Sacrum, Sacred to the memory. 

N. B. Nota Bene, Note well. 

No. Numero, in number. 

per cent, per centum, by the hundred. 

q. quadrans, a farthing. 

q. d. quasi dicat, as if he should say. 

q. s. quantum sufficit, a sufficient quantity. 

s. solidus, a shilling. 

S. T. D. Sancta Theologia Doctor, Doctor of Divinity. 



( 118) 


S. T. P. Sane tee Theologia 


Professor, Professor of Di- 


ss scilicet, namely. 


vinity. 


ult. ultimo, the last. 


»- j 


v. vide, see. 




viz. videlicet, to wit. 




&,c. et ccetera, and the rest. 




English Abbreviations. 


A. Answer. 


E. East. 


Q. Question. 


W. West. 


Admr. Administrator. 


N. North. 


Bart. Baronet. 


S. South. 


bbl. barrel. 


N. W. North West. 


hhd. hogshead. 


Lieut. Lieutenant. 


yd. yard. 


Maj. Major. 


acct. account. 


Mr. Master or Mister. 


Co. Company. 


Mrs. Mistress. 


cts. cents. 


M. C. Member of Congress. 


Capt. Captain. 


M. P. Member of Parlia- 


c. h. court house. 


ment. 


Col. Colonel. 


Sen. Senator, or Senior. 


Comr. Commissioner. 


Rep. Representative. 


cwt. a hundred weight. 


Pres. President. 


D. D. Doctor of Divinity. 


P. S. Postscript. 


Dep. Deputy. 


P. M. Postmaster. 


Dr. Debtor or Doctor. 


P. 0. Post-Office. 


Ds. Dollars. 


S. C. Supreme Court. 


Esq. Esquire. 


C. C. P. Court of Common 


Exr. Executor. 


Pleas. 


Eng. English. 


St. Saint. 


Fr. French. 


Sec. Secretary. 


F. R. S. Fellow of the 


St'g. Sterling. 


Royal Society. 


Tr. Treasurer. 


Gen. General. 


wt. weight. 


Gov. Governor. 


Jan. January - 


Hon. Honorable. 


Feb. February, 


Kt. Knight. 


Oct. October. 


K. B. Knight Bath. 


Dec. December. 


Lat. Latitude. 


Gal. Galatians. 


Lou. Longitude. 


Ex. Exodus. 


lbs. pounds. 


Cor. Corinthians. 



( 119) 


Rev. Revelation, or Rever- 


B. Book. 


end. 


p. page. 


chap. Chapter. 


v. verse. 


The American States 


are thus abbreviated. 


Al. Alabama. 


Pa. Pennsylvania. 


Ct. Connecticut. 


R. I. Rhode Island. 


Del. Delaware. 


S. C. South Carolina. 


Ga, Georgia. 


Ten. Tennessee. 


Ind. Indiana. 


Va. Virginia. 


111. Illinois. 


Vt. Vermont. 


K. Kentucky. 


Ark. T. Arkansaw Terri- 


Lou. Louisiana. 


tory. 


Me. Maine. 


D. C. District of Columbia. 


Ms. Massachusetts. 


Mich. T. Michigan Terri- 


Mi. Mississippi. 


tory. 


Mo. Missouri. 


U. S. United States. 


Md. Maryland. 


N. A. North America. 


N. H. New Hampshire. 


S. A. South America. 


N. C. North Carolina. 


W. I. West Indies. 


N. J. New Jersey. 


E. F. East Florida. 


N. Y. New York. 


W. F. West Florida. 


0. Ohio. 




The Unit 


ed States. 


Names of States. 


Seats of ^Government . 


Maine 


Port' land 


New Hamp shire. « 


Con cord 


Ver mont' 


Mont pel' ier 1 


Mas sa chii' setts 


Bos' ton 


Rhode hY and 


New' port & Prov i- 




dence 


Con nect' i cut 


New Ha ven & Hart- 1 




ford 


New Y6rk 


Al' ba ny 


New Jer sey 


Tren' ton 


Penn syl va ni a 


Hkr ris burg 



( 120 ) 


Names of States. 


Seats of Government. 


O hi' o 


Co IdaV bi a 


In di a na 


In di an op o lis 


11 li nois' 


Van da lia 


Del' a ware 


Do ver 


Ma ry land 


An nap o lis 


Vir gin' i a 


Rich' mond 


Ken tuc' ky 


Fr&nk' fort 


Mis sou ri 


Jef fer son 


North Car o li na 


Ra \e\^h 


Ten nes see' 


N&sh'Ville 


South Car o li na 


Co Mm' bi a 


Geor gi a 


Mil' ledge ville 


Al a ba ma 


Ca haw ba 


Mis sis sip' pi 


Jack' son 


Lou i si a na 


New Or leans 


Mis sou ri 


St. Lou is 


Territories 


of the United States. 


Michigan* - 


De troit' 


North West 




Mis sou ri 


- 


West era 




Ar kan sas 


Ar kop o lis 


Flor i da 


Tal la has see 


District of Col urn 


bia Wash ing ton 


* Pronounced Mish i gan. 


TABLE XXXV. 


; Changes of words, 


by adding letters or syllables. 


RULES FOR SPELLING THE PLURAL OF NOUNS. 


Words which are used for the names of things, are 


called nouns. 


_^ 1 



( 121 ) 

When the name of only one thing is spoken of, it is 
said to be in the singular number ; when more than one 
is spoken of, the word is of the plural number. 

The singular nouns generally become plural by adding 
a soft s at the end of them, sounded in the same sylla- 
ble ; as, 



Sing. Plural, 
Bale bales 
gate gates 
hand hands 
lark larks 


Sing. 

rock 

mind 

task 

husk 


Plural, Sing. Plural. 
rocks blank blanks 
minds shell shells 
tasks flint flints 
husks pink pinks 


Sing. 
Stable 


Plural. 
sta bles 


Sing. Plural. 
ru ler ru lers 


mas ter 
ser vant 


mas terjs 
ser vants 


gra ter gra ters 
but ton but tons 



Some nouns will not unite with $ at the end of them 
in the same syllable ; then the s being added, forms an 
other syllable in the plural ; as, 



Sing. Plural. 


Sing. 


Plural, 


Sing, PluraL 


Lace La ces 


cage 


ca ges 


ounce oun ces 


change chang es 


case 


ca ses 


chance chan ces 



When the singular noun, ends either in ck, sh, ss, or 
x, it becomes plural by the addition of es which makes 
another syllable, as 



Sing. Plural. 


Sing. 


Plural. 


Sing, 


Plural, 


Torch torch es 


loss 


loss es 


box 


box es 


brush brush es 


dish 


dish es 


six 


six es 



If the singular noun ends in y, with a consonant next 
before it, the y is omitted and ies added in place of it, to 
make the plural ; as, 



Si?ig. Plural. 
Fly flies 



Sing. Plural. Sing, Plural. 

cher ry cher ries du ty du ties 



( 122 ) 

But if a vowel is next before the y, the word is made 
plural, by adding s only ; as, 

Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. 

Day days key keys de lay de lays 

Several nouns ending in o, with a consonant joined be- 
fore it, become plural by the addition of es to the sin- 
gular, as 

Sing. Ptural. Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. 

Wo woes he ro he roes po ta to po ta toes 

ech o ech oes car go car goes ne gro ne groes 

man i fes to man i fes toes. 

A few others ending in 0, as above, become plural by 
adding s only, as 

Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. 

Quar to quar tos oc ta vo oc ta vos 

du de /; ci mo du o de ;/ ci mos 

Also, when the singular ends in io, s only is used in 
the plural, as before : 

Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. 

Fol io fol ios nun cio nun cios 

ol io ol ios bagn io bagn ios 
punc til io punc til ios 

Nouns which end in/ or fe, omit these letters in the 
plural, and in place of them, have ves, as 

Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. 

Beef beeves staff staves thief thieves 

calf calves shelf shelves life lives 

leaf leaves loaf loaves wolf . wolves 

GENDER OF NOUNS. 

All words signifying males, are said to be of the mas- 
culine gender, those signifying females, are of the femi- 
nine gender. 

There are. three ways of distinguishing males from 
females. 



__ ( 123) 

1st. By different words ; as, 

Mas. Fern. Mas. Fern. Mas. Fern. 

Brother Sister Un cle Aunt Lord Lady 

2d. By adding ess, ine or in, to the words signifying 
males ; as, 

Mas. Fern. Mas. Fein. 

Heir heir ess tu tor tu tor ess 

proph et proph et ess li on li on ess 

shep fterd shep Zierd ess pa tron pa tron ess* 

dea con dea eon ess bar on bar on ess 

po et po et ess 

* Or pat ron, pat ron ess. 

A number of words, the names of males, are changed 
to the feminine, by a slight alteration, with ess at the 
end ; as, 

Mas. Fern. Mas, Fern. 

ac tor ac tress trai tor trai tress 

ab bot ab bess ti ger ti gress 

seam ster seam stress song ster song stress 

A few nouns, of the. masculine gender, have ix or ine 
affixed in the feminine ; as, 

Mas. Fern. 

Ad min is tra tor Ad min is tra trix 

ex ec u tor ex ec u trix 

tes ta tor tes ta trix 

he ro he ro ine 

By placing a describing word before a noun which 
does not define the sex; thus, a servant, a visiter, a friend, 
a sparrow, a pigeon, a goat, when mentioned singly, do 
not define the sex. -The gender may then be determined 
thus : 

A man ser vant A maid ser vant 

A male friend A fe male friend 

A cock spar row A hen spar row 

A male pi geon A fe male pi geon 

A he goat A she goat 



( 124 ) 

Comparison of describing Adjectives. 

Adjectives are words used to define or describe things. 
Adjectives that describe the properties or conditions 
of things, do it in different degrees. These degrees are 
called comparison, and are positive, comparative, or su- 
perlative : Thus we say, a wise man : wise is the ad- 
jective, that describes the man in the positive degree; a 
wiser man ; wiser describes in the comparative degree ; 
the wisest man ; wisest is in the superlative degree. 

The positive word, is made comparative by adding er 
to it ; the superlative is formed by est added to the posi- 
tive, as, 

Pos. Com* Sup. 

Great great er great est 

Pure pu rer pu rest 

Green er green er green est 

Might y might i er might i est 

Fee ble fee bier fee blest 

The comparative and superlative are frequently form- 
ed, by prefixing the words more and most to the posi- 
tive ; as, 

Pos. Com. Sup 

Plain more plain most plain 

Care ful more care ful most care ful 

Dutiful more du ti ful most du ti ful 

PERSONS AND TENSES OF VERBS. 

Verbs are words used to express action, or the doing 
of something ; as, to speak, write, move, &c. 

Persons, who perform the actions are the first, second 
and third. The persons in the singular number are, 

I, the first person ; thou, the second ; and he, or she, of 
the third person. In the plural ; We, the first ; you, the 
second ; and he or she, of the third person. 

Tenses, are the times of action, present and past. 
Thus for the verbs move and live, we say in the present 
tense, singular number, 

1st Per. ^d. Per. 3d. Per. 

I move thou movest he moves, or she moves 

I live thou liv est he lives, or she lives 



( 125) 



In the present tense, plural number, we say, 

1st. Per. 2d. Per. 3d. Per. 

We move you move they move 

we live you live J ne y li ye 

For the past tense, in the singular, we say, 

1st. Per. 2d. Per. 3d. Per. 

I moved thou mov edst he moved 

I lived thou liv edst he lived 

In the past tense, plural, we say, 

We moved you moved they moved 

We lived you lived they lived 

PRIMITIVE AND DERIVATIVE WORDS, 

Primitive words are such as are not taken, or altered 
from others ; as book, pen, glass. 

Derivative words are formed from primitives by adding 
letters or syllables, as bookish, pen ned, glass es. 

EXAMPLES. 

From blend, are the derivatives blend ed blend ing. 

From commend, are com mend ed, com mend ing, 
com mend er, com mend a ble, com mend a bly, com- 
mend a to ry, com mend a tion. 

From write, writ ing, writ ten. 

From hard, comes har dy , hard en, hard en* ing, hard- 
i ly, hard i ness, hard i hood. 

COMPOUND WORDS. 

These are two or more primitive words united ; as, 
Pen and case, make pen-case % ink and stand, make 
the compound word ink-stand. 

OTHER COMPOUNDS 

Can die, can die stick ; ax, ax han die ; win dow, win- 
dow glass ; glass, glass win dow ; pa per, pa per bon net ; 
bon net, bon net pa per ; sky, sky co lor; patch, patch 
work. 

L 2 



j (126) 


CHAPTER IV. 


DISTINCTIVE DEFINITIONS. 


TABLE XXXVI. 


Words of similar sound, but different in signification. 


This Table is intended to include only such words as 


are sounded exactly alike. 


[t is designed as an exercise : 


in defining, as well as in spelling- 


Ail, to make unwell 


bate, to make less 


ale, malt beer 


baize, woollen cloth 


air, the atmosphere 


bays, garlands 


air outward appearance 


ball a globe, or a dance 


are, plural of is 


bawl, to hollow loudly 


Zieir, an inheritor 


bare, naked 


allegation, thing alleged, 


bear, to support 


alligation, tying together 


bear, a shaggy quadruped 


all, the whole 


base, low and vile 


awl, a pointed tool 


bass, a part of music 


! altar, place for sacrifice 


bay, a small sea 


alter, to change 


bey, a Turkish governor 


J ant, an insect 


be, to exist 


awnt, a parent's sister 


bee, the honey maker 


arc, part of a circle 


beach, a sandy shore 


ark, a floating vessel 


beech, a well known tree 


ascent, a rising 


beat, to strike often 


i assent, compliance 


beet, a garden root 


; asperate, to make rough 


beau, a man of dress 


aspirate, to pronounce with 


bow, a curve 


full breath 


beer, a kind of drink 


auger, tool to bore holes 


bier, carriage for the dead 


augur, a fortune teller 


bell, a sounding vessel 


j augftt, any thing 


belle, a gay lady 


] ought, to be bound by duty 


berry , a small fruit 


bail, personal security 


bury, to cover up 


bale, a bundle of goods 


better, more good 


bait, alluring food 


bettor, one that makes bets 



# I 



( 127) 



bin, a large open box 
been, past time of be 

blew, did blow 

blue, azure color 
boar, a swine 
bore, to make holes 

bole, an earthy substance 

boll, round stem of plants 

bowl, a vessel, or rolling ball 
bolt, a kind of lock 
boult, a seive for flour 

borne, suffered 

bourn, aT>oundary 
hough, a branch 
bow, to incline the head 

borough, privileged town 

burrow;, den dug by beasts 
breach, broken place 
breech, butt of a gun 

bread, article of food 

bred, did breed 
broach, to open 
brooch, an ornament 

bruit, a spreading report 

brute, a beast 
brake, a plant 
break, to divide by force 

but, except 

butt, a large cask 

butt, end or aim 
by, near 
buy, to purchase 

calendar, an almanac 

calender, a rolling press 
caster, one who casts 
castor, a product of beavers 

canvas, coarse cloth 

canvass, to examine 

capital, principal, chief 

capital, a large hall where 
congress meet 



cession, a yielding 

session, act of sitting 
Sion, a mountain in Asia 
cion, a twig, or sprout 

call, to invoke, or name 

caul, an enclosing net 
cauf, a rack for fish 
cough, effort of the lungs 

cask, a wooden vessel 

casque, a helmet 
cannon, a large gun 
canon, a church law 

cedar, a kind of tree 

ceder, one who yields 
cede, to relinquish 
seed, reproducing product 

cellar, room under ground 

seller, a vender 
ceiling, the inner roof 
sealing, placing the seal 

cell, a small room 

sell, to bargain away 
censer, a pot for incense 
censor, a moral guardian 

c£nt, a copper coin, 

scent, object of smell 

sent, caused to go 
clause, part of a chapter 
claws, digitated feet of ani- 
mals 

cere, to coat with wax 

sear, to scorch 

seer, a prophet % * 

choler, anger 
collar, a neck band 

cite, to summon 

sight, sense of seeing 

site, local situation 
climi, to clamber up 
clime, a region of country 



(128) 


chord, to attune music 


due, owed 


strings 


die, a stamp for coin 


chord, span of an arch 


die, to lose life 


cord, a rope, or 128 feet of 


dye, to color with liquids 


wood 


dire, dreadful 


coarse, gross or rude 


dyer, a colorer 


cowrse, way pursued 


doe, a female deer 


complement, the comple- 


dough, bread, or paste not 


ting part 


baked 


compliment, token of po- 


done, finished 


liteness 


dun, yellowish color 


core, the heart or center 


dun, an importunate claim 


corps, a body 


dram, a toper's drink 


council, deliberative assem- 


drachm, a coin, or weight 


bly 


elision, a cutting off 


council, advice 


elysian, very delightful 


cousin, a relative 


ear, organ of hearing 


cozen, to deceive 


ere, before 


creak, to make a harsh noise 


ewe, a female sheep 


creek, a stream or cove 


yew, a kind of tree 


crewel, yarn for sewing 


you, plural of thou 


cruel, inhuman 


ewer, a wash basin 


currant, a garden berry 


your, belonging to you 


current, now passing 


eye, organ to see with 


cygnet, a young swan 


I, myself 


signet, a royal seal 


fain, willingly 


cymbal, a musical instru- 


fane, a consecrated temple 


ment 


feign, to pretend falsely 


symbol, a comprehensive 


fease, to untwist and pick 


type 


fees, payment for benefits 


color, to paint 


faint, weak 


culler, a chooser 


feint, a deceitful act 


dam, to stop water, or mo- 


fair, of good appearance 


ther of beasts 


fair, meeting for trade 


damn, to condemn 


fare, persmal treatment, or 


day, the light 


^>rice of passage 


dey, a cheiftain in Barbar'y 


feat, an exploit 


dear, precious, or costly 


feet, fTie tower extremities 


: deer, a nimble quadruped 


fete, a festival 


dew, moist air falling at 


fdlloe, riw 0/ a wfteeZ 


evening 


fellow, a companion 







(129 ) 


filter, to strain liquid 


hail, drops of rain frozen 


philter, a love charm 


hall, a public room 


flee, to run from danger 


haul, to draw by force 


flea, an insect 


hair, fibrous growth from 


flew, did fly 


the skin 


flue, outlet for smoke 


hare, a nimble quadruped 


float, to swim at random 


hear, to perceive sounds 


flote, a kind of indigo 


here, in this place 


flour, farina of wheat 


hart, a male deer 


flower, a blossom 


heart, a vital part 


fore, first in order 


hew, to chop 


four, twice two 


hue, color 


forth, abroad 


heal, to cure 


fourth, next to third 


heel, 5acA: 0/ the foot 


foul, impure 


hie, to g*o iw haste 


fowl, a feathered animal 


high, elevated 


freeze, to congeal with cold 


hire, to engage for pay 


frieze, a kind of cloth 


higher, more lofty 


gage, a pledge 


height, elevation 


gawge, to take dimensions 


hight, named 


gait, manner of walking 


him, objective of he 


gate, place to pass through 


hynm, a song of praise 


g£st, striking achievement 


hoard, treasure secured 


jest any thing ludicrous 


horde, a wandering clan 


'gild, to brighten with gold 


hole, an opening through 


guild, a corporation 


any thing, a hollow place 


gore, blood congealed 


whole, all, every part to- 


goar, a narrow strip 


gether 


goer, one who goes 


holy, sacred, godly 


grate, a rack 


wholly, in every part 


great, bulky, or eminent 


hoxxt, sixty minutes 


grater, a coarse rasp 


our, related to us 


greater, more large 


lie, passage in a church 


groan, voice of mourning 


isle, an island 


grown, enlarged or become 


in, not out 


guise, external appearance 


inn, a public lodging place 


gura, prongs to lift with 
fcnag; a knot in wood 


indict, to prosecute by grand 


jury 


nag, a sprightly horse 


indite, to compose a writing 


hale, healthy 


jam, preserved fruits 


hail, term of salutation 


jam&, a side post 



■SWMHPHNHN 



(130) 


kill, to deprive of life 


16, look 


kiln, a large oven 


low, abject 


&nap, furry covering 


loan, thing lent 


nap, a short sleep 


lone, solitary 


knave, a mean rogue 


lore, wise instruction 


nave, centre of a wheel 


lower, wiore Zow 


&nead, to work dough 


lock, a fastening 


need, want 


loch, a lake or canal passage 


&neel, to bend the knee 


made, formed 


neal, to soften met ah 


maid, a g*irZ 


Arnew, did know 


main, chief part 


new, not old 


mane, Aair 0/ horses' necks 


knight, title 


mail, armor, or a postman's 


night, darkness 


sack 


fcnoll, a little hill 


male, masculine 


noil, the head 


maize, Indian corn 


knot, a tie, or bunch 


maze, a labyrinth 


not, by no means 


marshal, to jpwf in order 


know, to understand 


martial, warlike 


no, not any, or not so 


manner, mode of action 


lac, a tree and gum 


manor, territory of a lord 


lack, to be deficient 


mite, a small insect 


lade, to load 


might, power 


laid, did lay 


mead, a sort of drink 


lain, perfect tense of lie 


meed, a recompense 


lane, a narrow street 


mean, vile or humble 


lea, an enclosed field 


mien, Z00& and manner 


lee, opposite the wind 


meat, /ooeZ 


lead, a metal 


meet, to come together 


led, did lead 


mete, to measure 


leak, to flow through chinks 


mewl, to cry as a c^iZcZ 


leek, a plant 


mule, a ceas/ of burden 


leave, to depart from 


mews, eagles or nets 


lieve, willingly 


muse, to meditate 


lessen, £0 ma&e Zess 


miner, a worker in mines 


lesson, a piece of instruc- 


minor, less, or one underage 


tion 


moan, to grieve aloud 


liar, a teller of falsehoods 


mown, cut down 


lyre, a musical instrument 


moat, a ditch for defence 


limp, a branch 


mote, a particle of matter 


limn, to delineate 


more, a greater quantity 



i_ ( !31 ) 


mower, one who cuts with 


plain, level, or clear 


a sithe 


plane, a carpenter's tool 


meddler, a busybody 


pleas, pleadings in court 


medlar, a kind of fruit 


please, to gratify 


metal, a heavy mineral 


plum, a fruit 


mettle, spirit, briskness 


plumb, a lead and line 


nay, no 


pole, a long stick 


neigh, the noise of a horse 


poll, the head 


net, a woven snare 


pray, to supplicate 


nett, remaining entire 


prey, to commit depredation 


oar, a paddle 


practice, customary use 


ore, crude metal 


practise, to exercise 


o'er, contraction of over 


pore, to search with care 


one, single number 


pore, a spiracle of the skin 


won, did win 


powr, to flow rapidly 


ooze, filtering slime 


principal, chief, or head 


ouse, tanning liquor 


principle, original cause 


pail, a wooden vessel 


profit, effective advantage 


j pale, void of colour 


prophet, a foreteller 


I pale, an enclosure 


panel, a square in joinery 


| pain, distress 


pannel, a jury roll 


i pane, a square of glass 


rain, drops falling from the 


pair, a match of two 


clouds 


pare, to trim by cutting 


rein, part of a bridle 


pear, a fruit 


relg*n, dominion 


palate, organ of taste 


raiser, he who raiseth 


palette, a painter's board 


razor, tool to shave with 


pallet a little bed 


rap, a quick blow 


pause, a stop 


wrap, to roll together 


paws, digitated feet of 


read, to peruse 


beasts 


reed, a plant or stem 


peace, quietness 


read, did read 


piece, a distinct part 


red, a color 


peak, the pinnacle 


reek, to emit vapour 


j pique, to sting to resentment 


wreak, to revenge 


peal, repeated loud sounds 


rest, quiet repose 


peel the rind 


wrest, to extort by force 


peer, a nobleman 


rhyme, likeness of sound 


pier, a double pillar 


rime, chrystalized frost 


place, particular situation 


rice, a kind of grain 


, plaice, a species offish 


rise, the act of rising 







( 132 ) 



ring, a circle or metal hoop 

ring, to sound as bells 

wring, to twist with force 
rear, to raise up 
rare, slightly cooked 

rigger, one who rigs 

rigor, severity 
right, correct 
rite, formal act 
write, to express by letters 
wright, an artificer 

rdad, the highway 

rode, did ride 
rout, a disorderly crowd 
route, way or course 

rough, uneven 

ruff, a neckcloth 
rote, words not understood 
wrote, did write 

rye, a sort of grain 

wry, distorted 
roe, a female deer 
row, things ranged in line 

roar, to make a loud noise 

rower, one that rows with 
oars 
rabbet, a joint in mechanics 
rabbit, a small quadruped 

sail, a sheet to catch the 
wind 

sale, a selling 
sea, body of water 
see, to perceive 

seal, sea calf 

seal, enclosing stamp 

ceil, to line the roof 
saver, one who saves 
savor, taste or odor 

seen, beheld 

scene, place of action 

seine, a fishing net 



senior, older 
seignior, a lord 

seam, the joining edges 

seem, to appear 
shear, to cut with shears 
shear, to go slily away 
shire, a county 

shoar, a prop 

shore, the sea coast 
sign, a token 
sine, a line in geometry 

slay, to kill 

sleigh, a sliding carriage 

sley, a weaver's reed 
sleight, dexterity 
slight, to neglect 

sloe, a small black fruit 

slow, not swift 
soar, to rise high 
sore, an ulcer 
sower, one who sows 

so, thus 

sow, to scatter seed 

sow, or sew, to stitch with 
a needle 
some, a portion 
sum, a total amount 

sole, alone 

sole, bottom of the foot 

soul, immortal spirit 
stake, a fixed post, ox pledge 
steak, a slice of meat 

son, a male child 

sun, the orb of day 
stair, a rising step 
stare, an earnest look 

stile, steps over a fence 

style, a steel pen; dial pin; 
title, ox peculiar manner . 
steal, to take or effect slily 
steel, hardened iron < 




( 133 ) 



straight, direct 
strait, a narrow pass 

sucker, a sprout 

succor, to aid 
tacks, turnings, or small 



tax, a tribute 
tail, the rear end 
tale, a story 

throe, extreme pain 

throw, to fling away 
tare, a noxious weed 
tare, allowance in weight 
tear, to rend 

tear, drop from the eye 

tier, a long row 
teal, a water fowl 
teil, the linden tree 

team, beasts harnessed to 
draw 

teem, to bring forth 
tide, ebb and flow of the sea 
tied, fastened by tying 

tole, to allure by degrees 

toll, passage tax 

toll, to ring a bell 
ton, twenty hundred 
tun, a large cask 

threw, did throw 

through , entirely penetrated 
thyme, a medical herb 
time, measure of duration 

toe, finger of the foot 

tow, to draw along 
there, in that place 
their, relating to them 



to, as far as 

too, also 

two, twice one 
vail, a covering 
vale, a t?a/Zey 

vain, empty or futile 

vane, a weathercock 

vein, a 6/oocZ resseZ 
vial, a small bottle 
viol, a musical instrument 

verge, the brink 

virge, a rod of authority 
wail, to lament aloud 
wale, a ridgy stripe 

waist, apart of the body 

waste, decay or needless 
expense 
wait, to stay 
-weight, heaviness 

ware, manufactures for sale 

wear, to consume with use 

were, plural of was 
waive, to relinquish 
wave, a swell in water 

weak, feeble 

week, seven days 
wean, to detach from habit 
ween, to imagine 

way, course pursued 

weig-ft, to balance 
weather, state of the air 
wether, a sheep 

wood, timber 

wouZd, past time of will 
ye, yourselves 
yea, yes 



IF 



( 134) 



TABLE XXXVII. 



List of words which should be distinguished ; but which 
by ignorant or careless persons, are often confounded in 
spelling, sound, or meaning. 



Allusion, referring hint 

illusion, deceptive appear- 
ance 

elusion, an artful escape 
affect, to act upon 
effect, the result produced 

accede, to come to 

exceed, to go beyond 
accessary, a partaker in 

crime 
accessory, giving aid 

accept, to receive 

except, to leave out 
acre,* 160 square rods 
achor,a distemper of the skin 

acts, performances 

ax, a tool to chop with 

ask, to inquire 
access, way of approach 
excess, more than enough 

allay, to appease 

alley, a narrow walk 
alloy, mixture of base metal 
ally', to bind in policy or 
friendship 

antic, wildly frolic ksome 

antique, old fashioned 
assay, a test in law or art 
essay, incomplete trial 

aZms, gift or charity 

arms, limbs, weapons 
affusion, pouring upon 
effusion, pouring out 
* a her 



allowed, admitted 
aloud, with much noise 
arrant, very bad 
errant, wandering 
errand, a message 
attendance, personal atten- 
tion 
attendants, persons in wait- 
ing 
adherence, steady attach- 
ment 
adherents, followers or re- 
tainers 
addition, arithmetical in- 
crease 
edition, a giving out 
awful, fearfully solemn 
offal, refuse parts of butch- 
ered beasts 
assurance, secure confidence 
endurance, guaranty from 
risk 
ballad, a popular song I 
ballet, a dance, 
ballot, a voting ticket 
bacon, pork smoked 
beacon, landmark for sailors 
baron, a feudal lord 
barren, unproductive 
bawdy, obscene 
body, corporeal form 
bile a sore 

boil, to agitate by heat 
boor, an ignorant clown 



( 135 ) 


bore, to make holes 


close, to shut up 


born, come into life 


clothes, garments 


borne, supported 


colonel, military officer 


bran, husks of ground corn 


kernel, a gland or seed 


brand, a burning stick, or 


coming, approaching 


mark made by burning 


cummin, a medical plant 


bridal, relating to marriage 


concert, unity in action, 


bridle, headstall and reins 


symphony 


bust^ a sculptured head 


consort, a spouse or com- 


burst, rent asunder 


panion 


butteris, tool to pare horses 1 


confident, firmly positive 


feet 


confidant, aperson entrusted 


buttress, a supporting wall 


complacent, easily pleased 


catch, to seize hold of 


complaisant, desirous to 


ketch, a clumsy ship 


please 


celery, a kind of salad 


confirmation, establishing of 


salary, stated hire 


a thing 


calc, carbonate of lime 


conformation, sameness in 


ca/k, to stop seams 


appearance 


cork, a light spongy bark 


creek, an inlet or stream of 


captor, one who takes 


water 


capture, a conquest 


crick, a pain in the neck 


caldron, a large kettle 


desert, a solitary place 


chaldron, thirty six bushels 


desert, last course at meals 


carat, a weight of four 


descent, downward course 


grains 


dissent, opposite opinion 


caret, mark for something 


decease, departure from life 


wanting 


disease, want of health 


carrot, a garden root 


depositary, person holding 


centaury, an herb 


trust 


century, one hundred years 


depository, place of deposit 


sentry, an armed watchman 


do, to act 


cents, copper coins 


due, debt owed 


sense, mental perception 


dost, second person of do 


census, statistic estimate 


dust, fine dirt 


senses, perceptive faculties 


dollar, a coin 


choral, relating to a choir 


dolor, pain 


coral, a sea mineral 


eleven, ten and one 


J chronical, long continued 


. \even, ferment to raise bread 


J chronicle, a historical rec- 


elicit, to force out 


ord 


illicit, unlawful 



( 136) 



earn, to work for 

urn, a narrow necked vessel 

eminent, distinguished 

imminent, threatening 
emerge, to rise out 
immerge, to sink in 

either, one or the other 

ether, pure air of the sky 
exaltation, raising high 
exultation, a great rejoicing 

father, male parent 

farther, more advanced 
fat, animal grease 
vat, a container for liquids 

feel, to perceive by touch 

fill, to make full 
file, a string or a steel tool 
foil, a partial advantage 

fir, a tree 

fir, very fine hair 
fetor, an offensive smell 
feature, lineament or trait 

first, foremost 

fust, a maiddy §md! 
fallow, lying neglected 
follow, to go after 

fleet, rapidly passing 

fleet, a collection of ships 

flit, to fly lightly 
f6ol, an ideot, a dunce 
full, filled up 

gap, a deficient place 

gape, to yawn 
gamble, to play at games Jor 

money 
gambol, to skip in frolic 

gesture, an expressive ac- 
tion 

jester, a buffoon 
grope, to feel the way 
group, to crowd together 



genius, aptitude of mind 
genus, a general class 

groat, four pence 

grot, a habitable cavern 
hallow, to consecrate 
hollow, an empty place 

hards, broken refuse of flax 
or hemp 

herds, companies of cattle 
halberd, a battle ax fixed on 

a pole 
halibut, a kind offish 

harsh, rough or austere 

hash, to chop fine 
hoop, a circular band 
whoop, to yell loudly 

home, place of residence 

hum, a buzzing noise 
huzza, a shout of joy 
hussar, a cavalry soldier 

hyperbola, an eliptic curve 

hyperbole, an extravagant 
saying 
idle, doing nothing 
idol, an image to worship 
idyl, a short poem 

impostor, a deceiver 

imposture, fraud 
ingenious, inventive and 

skillful 
ingenuous, fran k and honest 

incite, to urge on 

insight, deep view 
intense, ardently attentive 
intents, purposes 

foiottiness, fulness of knots 

naug/itiness, badness of dis- 
position 
lair, a beast 3 s sleeping place 
layer, a stratum, bed, or cut- 
ting from a twig 



( 137 ) 



least, smallest 
lest, for fear that 
lampass, lump in horses' 

mouths 
lampreys, a kind of eels 
lineament, feature of the 

face 
liniment, ointment 
legislator, a law maker 
legislature, assembly that 
makes laws 
line, a mark or string 
loin, the back next to the 



levee, the throng who visit a 

person in power 
levy, to raise men or money 
for the public 

16ose, free from restraint 

lose, to suffer loss 
loam, clay and sand 
loom, a weaving frame 

lickerish, dainty 

licorice, a sweet root 
mare, the female horse 
mayor, a city magistrate 

morse, the sea horse 

moss, a creeping plant 
moor, a fen ; or to fasten 
more, greater quantity 

medal, a curious stamped 
coin 

meddle, to interpose offi- 
ciously 
message, an errand 
messuage, a family dwelling 

marsh, a grassy fen 

mash, to press together 
mild, gentle 
mile, 1760 yards 

modal, relating to fashion 

M 3 



model, a standard repre- 
sentation 
muggy, (air) warm, damp, 

close 
murky, dark, cloudy, gloomy 

news, recent tidings 

noose, a slip knot 
nap, a short sleep 
nape, back of the neck 

ordinance, legal decree 

ordnance, artillery 
oracle, supernatural declara- 
tion 
auricle, the external ear 

parson, a parish priest 

person, a human being 
partition, a dividing wall 
petition, a humble request 

pastor, a shepherd 

pasture, land where cattle 
feed 
patience, calmness in suffer- 
ing 
patients, diseased persons 

peat, turf to burn 

pit, an excavation, an abyss 
pillar, a supporting column 
pillow, a cushion for the 
head 

purse, a bag for money 

pus, festered matter 
pearl, a delicate shell or 

gem 
purl, to flow with gentle mur- 
mur 

pint, half a quart 

point, the sharp end 
precede, to go before 
proceed, to advance 

pistol, a little gun 

pistole, a gold coin 



( 138) 


phlegm, watery humour of 


statue, a solid image 


the body, or matter rais- 


statute, a specific law 


ed in coughing 


stone, hardened earth 


phleme, instrument to bleed 


stun, to make dizzy or 


cattle 


senseless 


rack, a barred grate 


sigh, to breathe audibly in 


wreck, a dashing to pieces 


sadness 


ream, twenty quires of paper 


sithe, a tool to mow with 


rim, a circling border 


subtile, thin, fine, delicate 


radish, a pungent root 


subtle, artful, sly, crafty 


reddish, somewhat red 


surplice, a priesV s robe 


reasons, arguments 


surplus, the excess 


raisins, dried grapes 


suitor, a follower, a suppliant 


relic, a valued remain 


suture, seam of bones or 


relict, a widow 


wounds 


rare, scarce or choice 


sects, people of different be- 


rear, to erect 


lief 


xhe\xm, an acrid humor 


sex, distinction of male and 


room, extent of space 


female 


Rome a city of Italy 


sord, surface of the ground 


rood, forty perches 


st^ord, a weapon of war 


rude, rough, boisterous 


satire, keen censure 


roof, covering of an edi- 


satyr, a sylvan god 


fice 


scall, morbid baldness 


rough, uneven 


scald, to burn with hot liquor 


sat, did sit 


tile, earthen cover for roofs 


sot, a drunkard 


toil, labour or fatigue 


scrawl, to write unskilfully 


terse, neatly written 


scroll, a written roll or rec- 


tierce, a cask 


ord 


tour, a rambling journey 


sense, perceptive faculty 


tower, a high castle 


since, from that time 


tenon, a joint in carpentry 


serge, a kind of cloth 


tenant, holder from another 


surge, a billow 


tenor, continued manner 


slake, to quench or extin- 


tenure, condition of holding 


guish 


terrene, earthly 


slack, loose, remiss, reluc- 


tureen, a covered dish 


tant 


talents, faculties 


staZk, to stride solemnly 


talons, birds 1 claws 


stock, stem, trunk, fund, or 


valley, hollow between hills 


progeny 

■'. . 


value, price or worth 



( 139) 



vile, mean, low 

wile, an artful stratagem 

while, during that time 
vault, a continued arch 
volt, a circular tread or leap 

veal, flesh of a calf 

weal, prosperity, welfare 
vine, a creeping plant 
wine, juice of grapes 

undo, to ruin or annul 

undue, not just 
wale, to ridge with stripes 
whale, the largest sea ani- 
mal 



wen, a fleshy swelling 

when, at what time 
whether, which one 
whither, to what place 

wilds, desert places 

wiles, deceitful tricks 
vflth, by means of 
withe, a twig hand 

wrea^e, to entwine with gar- 
lands 

writhe, to struggle with pain 
yarn, thread for weaving 
yearn, to feel great uneasi- 
ness 



TABLE XXXVI II. 

Words of the same spelling, but of different sound and 
meaning, according to their application. 

This variation in words is one of the greatest defects 
in a language. It should be confined within as narrow 
limits as possible ; but the double expressions exhibited 
in the following list, have become so far sanctioned by 
custom, as to render it necessary that they should be well 
understood by good scholars 

n. stands for noun, a. adjective, v. verb 
desert, a wilderness 



Au'gust, n. the eighth month 

august, a. dignified 
axes, plural of ax 
axes, plural of axis 

bass, apart in music 

bass, a kind offish 
bow, n. an arc or curve 
bow, v. to decline the head 

buffet, n. a kind of cupboard 

buffet, v. to struggle against 
con 'jure, to practise magic 
conjure, to entreat earnestly 



desert, merit 

dove, a bird, 

dove, did dive 
form, a bench 
form, the shape 

gallant, a. brave, high mind- 
ed 

gallant, n. a lady's attend- 
ant 
gill, part of a fish 
gill, fourth of a pint 



( 140 ) 



hinder, z.back or rem 
hinder, v. to retard or delay 

invalid, n. a disabled person 

invalid, a. of no avail 
lead y n. a metal 
lead, v. to conduct 

live, v. to survive 

live, a. having life 
longer, one who longs 
lon'ger, a. more long 

18 w, a. humble 

low, v. to bellow as a cow 
lower, a. more low 
lower, v. to look threatening 

minute, n. sixty seconds 

minute, a. very exact 
mow, v. to cut down 
mow, n. place to stow hay 

notable, a. careful, stirring 

notable, a. worthy of note 
put, v. to lay in place 
put, n. a clown or game 

read, v. to peruse 

read, v. did read 
resign, v. to yield tip 
resign, v. to sign again 

sing'er, n. one who sings 



singer, n. one who singes 
singing, a. making melody 
sin'ging, a. scorching 
swinging, a. vibrating 
swinging, a. hugely great 
staves, n. plural of staff 
staves, n. coopers 3 splits 
sow, v. to scatter seed 
s8w, n. a female hog 
slough, n. a mire hole 
slough, (sluff,) n. skin, or 
outer coat cast off 
tarry, a. besmeared with tar 
tarry, v. to stay 
tear, n. drop from the eye 
tear, v. to pull to pieces 
tier, n. long row 
ti'er, n. one who ties; a 
binder; iron band round 
a wheel 
wind, v. to encircle or con- 
volve 
wind, n. motion of the air 
wo'nt,v. contraction of will 

not 
wont, a. accustomed, or in- 
clined 



PAUSES AND OTHER CHARACTERS USED 
IN WRITING. 

Besides the twenty-six letters used in writing, the fol- 
lowing characters are employed, to mark the pauses in 
reading, and for other purposes. 

, The Comma marks the shortest pause used in writing, 
and shows that the reader should stop at it long enough 
to say one. 

; The Semi-colon is a stop of two syllables, or long 
enough to count one, two. 



( 141 ) 

: At a Colon the reader should stop long enough to 
count four. 

. The full stop at the end of a sentence, is called a pe- 
riod. At this the reader should pause long enough to 
count six. 

? The interrogation point denotes a question, and gene- 
rally requires a pause as long as at a colon, as, " who is 
my neighbour ?" 

! Admiration point is a mark of sudden passion, sur- 
prise, or admiration, as 0, Virtue ! how amiable art thou t 

- A Hyphen separates syllables which either belong to 
the same word, or stand in close relation to each other, as 
brother-in-law, to mis-spell. 

( ) A Parenthesis includes an unconnected member of a 
sentence which serves some purpose of explanation, as, 
" All his faults (and he had many) were of the most pro- 
fligate description.' ' 

a The Caret shows where one or more words are omit- 

pen 
ted by mistake, as, " I now take my in hand to let you 
know I am well." 

$g^ The Index calls the special attention of the reader 
to some particular passage, as, $|p " A great chance to 
make a fortune!" $^» "None are genuine without the 
maker's signature." $§* " Great bargains at No. 77, 
Speculation-street. ' ' 

" " The mark of quotation begins and ends a passage 
taken from some author in his own words. To copy from 
an author, without giving particular credit, and using 
this mark, constitutes the crime of Book Stealing, which 
is a very mean and profligate species of felony. 

# t t IT Asterisks, daggers, and other characters, and 
sometimes letters or figures, refer to some explanation in 
the margin, at the bottom of the page, or at the end of 
the book. 



(142) 
TABLES, &c. 



O 



J3 </> 



° g 



CO ^3 

s Ed 

s a 

8 7 



T3 ' 



1 

> co 

J 

) rC5 









6 5 4 3 2 1. 987 millions, 654 thousand 321 



MULTIPLICATION TABLE. 



2 ones 


3 ones 


4 ones 


5 ones 


6 ones 


7 ones 


are 2 


are 3 


are 4 


are 5 


are 6 


are 7 


2 4 


2 6 


2 


8 


2 


10 


2 


12 


2 14 


3 6 


3 9 


3 


12 


3 


15 


3 


18 


3 21 


4 8 


4 12 


4 


16 


4 


20 


4 


24 


4 28 


5 10 


5 A5 


5 


20 


5 


25 


5 


30 


5 35 


6 12 


6 18 


6 


24 


6 


30 


6 


36 


6 42 


7 14 


7 21 


7 


28 


7 


35 


7 


42 


7 49 


8 16 


8 24 


8 


32 


8 


40 


8 


48 


8 56 


9 18 


9 27 


9 


36 


9 


45 


9 


54 


9 63 


10 20 


10 30 


10 


40 


10 


50 


10 


60 


10 70 


11 22 


11 33 


11 


44 


11 


55 


11 


66 


11 77 


12 24 


12 36 


12 


48 


12 


60 


12 


72 


12 84 



8 ones 


■9 ones 


10 


ones 


11 


ones 


12 


ones 


are 8 


are 9 


are 10 


are 11 


are 12 


2 16 


2 18 


2 


20 


2 


22 


2 


24 


3 24 


3 27 


3 


30 


3 


33 


3 


36 


4 32 


4 36 


4 


40 


4 


44 


4 


48 


5 40 


5 45 


5 


50 


5 


55 


5 


60 


6 48 


6 54 


6 


60 


6 


66 


6 


72 


7 56 


7 63 


7 


70 


7 


77 


7 


84 


■8 64 


^8 72 


8 


80 


8 


88 


8 


96 


9 72 


9 81 


9 


90 


9 


99 


9 


108 


10 80 


10 90 


10 


100 


10 


110 


10 


120 


11 88 


11 99 


11 


110 


11 


121 


11 


132 


12 96 


12 108 


12 


120 


12 


132 


12 


144 



( 143 ) 

MONEY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Standard Weight. 
dwt. gr. 

10 Mills, (m.) make J. Gent, c. - 7 Copper, 
10 Cents - 1 Dime, d. - 1 16& Silver. 

10 Dimes, or 100 cents, 1 Dollar, D. $ 17 1| ditto. 
10 Dollars, - - 1 Eagle, E. - 11 4f Gold. 

Note, Dollars multiplied by 100 produce Cents 
Cents divided by 100 produce Dollars 

The standard for gold and silver is eleven parts fine, 
and one part alloy. 

ENGLISH MONEY. 

The denominations are 

4 farthings, (mark, qr.) make 1 penny, mark, d. 
12 Pence - - - 1 shilling, - s. 
20 shillings - - - 1 pound, - £. 

i is 1 farthing. -J is & farthings. f is 3 farthings. 
To reduce pence to cents, add ±. To reduce cents to 
pence, subtract %. 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

Avoirdupois Weight. 

Things are weighed by this weight which are coarse 

and drossy, and all metals except silver and gold. 

TTie denominations are, 

16 drams, ( dr.) make 1 ounce, oz. 

16 ounces - - 1 pound, lb. 

28 pounds - - 1 quarter, qr. 

4 quarters, or 1121b. 1 C. weight, cmt. 
20 C. weight - 1 Ton, T. 

Apothecaries^ Weight. 
Apothecaries mix their medicines by this weight ; but 
they bay and sell by Avoirdupois weight. 
The denominations are, 
20 grains, (gr.) make 1 scruple, 9 

3 scruples 1 dram, ^ 

8 drams - 1 ounce, x 

12 ounces - - 1 pound, lb. 



Troy Weight. 
Gold, silver, jewels, and liquors are 
weighed by this weight. 

The denominations are, 
24 grains, gr. make 1 pennyweight, dwt. 
20 pennyweights ] ounce, oz. 

12 ounces - 1 pound, lb. 



ft- 
yd. 



Long Measure 
Is used for length and distance. 
The denominations are, 
3 barley-corns, be. make 1 inch, 
12 inches 1 foot, 

3 feet 1 yard, 

5£ yards - - 1 rod or pole",/). 

40 poles, or 220 yards, 1 furlong, fur. 
English or American miles 5,280 feet. 
French - - - 5,328 

Italian - 5,566 

German - - - 26,400 

Dutch, Spanish, and Polish 21,120 
Scotch - 7,920 

Indian mile about three American. 



Land or Square Measure. 
By this measure we determine the 
quantity of Jand, and measure boards. 

The denominations are, 

144 square in. make 1 square foot, ft. 

9 square feet 1 square yard, yd. 

30y square yards 1 square perch, p. 

40 square perches 1 rood, R. 

4 roods 1 acre, A. 

Note. The surveyor's chain consists 

of 100 links, or 66 feet : and 25 links are 

equal to 1 rod : 10 chains to 1 acre, and 

80 chains to a mile. 



Cloth Measure. 
2~ inches, in. make 1 nail, na. 

4 nails, - - 1 quarter of a yd. qr. 

4 quarters - - 1 yard, yd. 



Solid or Cubic Measure. 
Used for such things as have length, 
breadth, and depth. 

The denominations are, 

1728 solid inches make 1 cubic foot,cu.ft. 

27 feet - - lyard, yd. 

40 feet of round, or 50 feet of square 

timber, 1 ton, T. 
Note. A cord of fire wood is 8 feet 
long, 4 feet broad, and 4 feet high, and 
contains 128 solid feet. 



Liquid Measure 
Is used for beer, cider, and spirits. 

The denominations are, 
4 gills, gl. make i pint, pt. 

2 pints - - 1 quart, qt. 



4 quarts - 1 gallon, gal. 

63 gallons - 1 hogshead, hhd. 

2 hogsheads 1 pipeorbut,p. oxbu. 

2 pipes or 4 hogsheads 1 ton T. 



Dry Measure 

Is used for grain, fruit, salt, &c. 

2 pints, pt. make 1 quart, qt. 

8 quarts 1 peck, pk. 

4 pecks 1 bushel, bu. 

Circle Measure or Motion. 
This is used by navigators, astrono- 
mers, &c. 

The denominations are, . 
60 seconds (") make 1 minute . ' 

60 minutes - 1 degree ° 

30 degrees - 1 sign sig. 

12 signs, or 360 degrees, 1 revolution or 
circle. 



Time. 


Thjz denominations are, 


60 seconds make 


1 minute, min. 


60 minutes - 


1 hour, hr. 


24 hours 


1 day, d. 


7 days - ~J, - 


1 week, w. 


4 weeks - 


1 lunar month l.m. 



12 months, or 365 days and 6 hours, 1 
year, Y. 
A common year is 365 days : and every 
fourth called leap year, is 366 days. 

The fourth, eleventh, ninth, and sixth, 
Have thirty days to each afrix'd, 
And every other thirty-one, 
Except the second month alone, 
Which has but twenty-eight, in fine, 
Till leap year gives it twenty-nine. 

Paper. 

24 sheets make 1 quire 

20 quires 1 ream 

2 reams 1 bundle 

5 bundles, or 10 reams 1 bale 

The two outside quires of a ream of 
paper, contain only twenty sheets each 
and these are broken or defective, and 
termed cassie. — The sizes of paper are 
designated by Pot, Foolscap, Super-Roy- 
al, Imperial, Elephant, Atlas, and Anti- 
quarian. 

Books. 
These may be designated by the terms 
Folio, when the sheet makes 2 leaves 
Quarto - - - ■; 4 
Octavo - - - - 8 
Duodecimo - - -.12 



THE END. 



119 




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Neutralizing agent: Magnes 
Treatment Date: Oct. 2006 

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